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- Paul_Magès abstract "Paul Magès (1908–1999) is known for his invention of the first self-leveling automobile suspension, known as hydro-pneumatic suspension. This system replaced conventional steel springs with an adaptive system of hydraulic struts, resulting in a motoring experience that felt like no other automobile of the era.This suspension achieved its initial design brief, fast travel on poor road surfaces. This advantage is still noted today, especially in applications where ride quality is important, like ambulance design.His formal schooling was modest – he earned his National diploma (Brevet d'Etudes du Premier Cycle), a preparatory course for the Académie des Arts et Métiers in Marseille. At age 17, he sent his résumé to Citroën, one of the major automobile manufacturers in France, where he was hired to maintain equipment. In 1936 he became a technical draftsman, and in January 1942, CEO Pierre-Jules Boulanger assigned him to the development department, to solve problems in the development of braking and suspension systems (including for the Citroën 2CV).Magès studied published material on automobile suspension. He was puzzled by the conventional wisdom that a supple suspension system was incompatible with good handling. He had been assigned the task of producing a car with both qualities. He realized that the solution must be located in a variable suspension, one that is very flexible at low speed, and stiff at high speed and load.This questioning led to experimentation and the eventual development of hydro-pneumatic suspension system, which combines easily compressible gas in an enclosed chamber, combined with the non-compressible, force multiplication properties of hydraulic machinery.The heavier the load, the higher the gas pressure, so the suspension becomes more rigid. Magès ultimately concluded that hydraulic fluid under pressure, delivered by an engine driven accessory –- a hydraulic pump – was the best way to achieve the desired result.Magès may never have been able to solve this problem if he had better technical training. Marcel Pagnol, the French playwright, famously said \"Everyone thought it was impossible, except an idiot who did not know and who created it.\" Magès kept a copy of this statement on his desk.Magès also developed DIRAVI speed sensitive power steering, first used on the 1970 Citroën SM.Many current vehicles use air suspension, to gain some of the advantages of hydro-pneumatic suspension, with slightly less perceived complexity, and use new developments in electronics to achieve speed sensitive power steering.The 1955 Citroën DS, developed around Magès' engineering innovations, placed third in the 1999 Car of the Century competition, behind the Ford Model T and BMC Mini.".
- Paul_Magès birthDate "1908".
- Paul_Magès birthYear "1908".
- Paul_Magès deathDate "1999".
- Paul_Magès deathYear "1999".
- Paul_Magès thumbnail Sus_hydropneumatic002.png?width=300.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageID "46209248".
- Paul_Magès wikiPageLength "4301".
- Paul_Magès wikiPageOutDegree "29".
- Paul_Magès wikiPageRevisionID "697393784".
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Air_suspension.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Ambulance.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Automobile_handling.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Car_of_the_Century.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Category:1908_births.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Category:1999_deaths.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Citroën.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Citroën_2CV.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Citroën_DS.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Citroën_SM.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Conventional_wisdom.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink DIRAVI.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Ford_Model_T.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Hydraulic_machinery.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Hydraulic_pump.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Hydropneumatic_suspension.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Marcel_Pagnol.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Marseille.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Mini.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink National_diploma_(France).
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Pierre-Jules_Boulanger.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Power_steering.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Ride_quality.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Résumé.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Self-levelling_suspension.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Spring_(device).
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink Suspension_(vehicle).
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLink File:Sus_hydropneumatic002.png.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageWikiLinkText "Paul Magès".
- Paul_Magès dateOfBirth "1908".
- Paul_Magès dateOfDeath "1999".
- Paul_Magès name "Magès, Paul".
- Paul_Magès shortDescription "American inventor".
- Paul_Magès wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Persondata.
- Paul_Magès wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Paul_Magès description "American inventor".
- Paul_Magès description "American inventor".
- Paul_Magès subject Category:1908_births.
- Paul_Magès subject Category:1999_deaths.
- Paul_Magès type Agent.
- Paul_Magès type Person.
- Paul_Magès type Person.
- Paul_Magès type Agent.
- Paul_Magès type NaturalPerson.
- Paul_Magès type Thing.
- Paul_Magès type Q215627.
- Paul_Magès type Q5.
- Paul_Magès type Person.
- Paul_Magès comment "Paul Magès (1908–1999) is known for his invention of the first self-leveling automobile suspension, known as hydro-pneumatic suspension. This system replaced conventional steel springs with an adaptive system of hydraulic struts, resulting in a motoring experience that felt like no other automobile of the era.This suspension achieved its initial design brief, fast travel on poor road surfaces.".
- Paul_Magès label "Paul Magès".
- Paul_Magès sameAs Q2148955.
- Paul_Magès sameAs Paul_Magès.
- Paul_Magès sameAs Paul_Magès.
- Paul_Magès sameAs m.0130wv_q.
- Paul_Magès sameAs Q2148955.
- Paul_Magès wasDerivedFrom Paul_Magès?oldid=697393784.
- Paul_Magès depiction Sus_hydropneumatic002.png.
- Paul_Magès givenName "Paul".
- Paul_Magès isPrimaryTopicOf Paul_Magès.
- Paul_Magès name "Magès, Paul".
- Paul_Magès name "Paul Magès".
- Paul_Magès surname "Magès".