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- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem abstract "Heraclius or Eraclius (c. 1128 – 1190/1191), was archbishop of Caesarea and Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem.Heraclius was from the Gévaudan in Auvergne, France. Like his later rival William of Tyre he studied law at the University of Bologna: his contemporaries and friends included Stephen of Tournai and Gratian. He arrived in the Kingdom of Jerusalem before 1168, where he first appears as magister Heraclius, witnessing patriarchal deeds. He was appointed archdeacon of Jerusalem in 1169. In this capacity he tried unsuccessfully to persuade Pope Alexander III to reinstate Gilbert d'Aissailly as Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller, although the Pope praised him for his presentation of the case. By 1175 he was archbishop of Caesarea (while William served as archbishop of Tyre). As archbishops, Heraclius and William attended the Third Lateran Council in 1179. In 1180, William considered himself the most likely candidate for the patriarchate of Jerusalem, but the king, Baldwin IV, delegated the choice to his mother Agnes of Courtenay, Lady of Sidon, and her ladies, according to the precedent of the previous election in 1157. Agnes and her committee chose Heraclius.Because most of information about Heraclius comes from his rival William and the 13th-century Old French Continuation of his chronicle, sometimes attributed to Ernoul, Heraclius is often seen as a particularly corrupt and worldly choice for patriarch. He was accused of getting the appointment through being Agnes's lover, which may reflect nothing more than the ill-will of his defeated opponent's party. He lived openly with a draper's widow from Nablus, Pasque de Riveri, who was referred to as \"Madame la Patriarchesse\", by whom he had at least one daughter. However, clerical concubinage was hardly rare in the 12th century. The claim in the Old French Continuation that he excommunicated William in 1183, forcing him to leave the kingdom to seek the Pope's help in Rome, and arranged for him to be poisoned there, is demonstrably false. No Western chroniclers noted what would (if true) have been a major ecclesiastical scandal. William did not die until 1185 or 1186, and was carrying out his duties as Archbishop to the end.In 1184, Heraclius, along with Roger de Moulins, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller, and Arnold of Torroja, Grand Master of the Knights Templar, travelled to Europe to seek help in solving the looming succession crisis in the kingdom. They carried with them the keys of the city of Jerusalem, the Holy Sepulchre and the Tower of David, along with other memorabilia. The mission visited Italy (Arnold of Torroja died at Verona), then France and England. Here they had several meetings with Henry II initially at Reading, afterwards at London (consecrating the church at the new Hospitallers' priory and headquarters at Clerkenwell). The king then accompanied the mission to France, where a further meeting was held in early May 1185 with Philip II and it was agreed to send both men and money to the Holy Land. This did not satisfy Heraclius, who had hoped to take back with him either Henry himself or one of his sons. Henry had promised to go on crusade years before after the murder of Thomas Becket; Heraclius reminded him of the vow and declared him and his children to be of the devil when Henry chose to stay at home.While in England, Heraclius consecrated the Temple Church in London, the English headquarters of the Knights Templar; for which act he is perhaps best remembered in England today. The chronicler Ralph Niger reports that on this mission Eraclius offered the kingship of Jerusalem to Philip II of France and Henry II of England (but both turned him down) and to any other prince he came across. Ralph claimed that Heraclius's enormous retinue and opulent dress offended the sensibilities of many westerners, who felt they were not befitting a patriarch; surely if the east was so wealthy, no help was needed from the west. It may be, however, that he was unprepared for the Byzantine style of dress favoured by the court of Jerusalem since Amalric I's marriage to Maria Comnena. Other chroniclers, Peter of Blois, Gerald of Wales, Herbert of Bosham and Rigord, were more impressed by the Patriarch's spiritual qualities, describing him in phrases such as \"vir sanctus et prudens\", \"vir sanctus\" and \"vitae sanctitatae non inferior\".Heraclius returned to Jerusalem late in 1185. Baldwin IV had meanwhile died and had been succeeded as King by his young nephew, Baldwin V. The boy king died in summer 1186. The heir was his mother Sibylla, but her husband, Guy of Lusignan, a relative newcomer to the kingdom, was widely disliked by the nobility. It was agreed that Sibylla would be crowned only after she had divorced Guy; in return she insisted on choosing her new husband for herself, with the understanding that the husband she chose would become king. Heraclius crowned her. To the astonishment of the assembled nobility she took the crown and placed it on Guy's head, with the words (as given by Roger of Howden), \"I choose you as king, and my lord, and lord of the land of Jerusalem, because those whom God has joined no man must separate.\" No one dared to object, and Heraclius anointed Guy King of Jerusalem.In 1187, Saladin invaded the kingdom, and when Guy marched out to meet him, he asked Heraclius to march along with him at the head of the army with the relic of the True Cross. As Heraclius was ill, the bishop of Acre took his place. Despite the relic, Saladin inflicted a crippling defeat on them at the Battle of Hattin on July 4, capturing the king. Heraclius' report of the battle and its immediate aftermath, addressed to Pope Urban III, survives; according to the Chronicle of Ernoul \"Pope Urban, who was at Ferrara, died of grief when he heard the news\". In the letter, he said that, without external aid, both Jerusalem and Tyre would fall within six months.In Jerusalem Heraclius urged Balian of Ibelin to lead the defence of the city against Saladin. He ordered the stripping of the silver from the edicule in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre to strike coins with which to pay the city's defenders. But Jerusalem was finally forced to capitulate on October 2. It was Heraclius who advised Balian to come to terms rather than fight to the death, which, he argued, would condemn the city's women and children to slavery and forced conversion. Heraclius helped Balian negotiate the surrender with Saladin, who allowed him and most of the other Christians leave the city unharmed.He and Balian had organised, and contributed to, a collection of 30,000 bezants to ransom the poorer citizens. This paid the ransoms for about 18,000 people, but another 15,000 people still needed to be paid for. Heraclius and Balian offered themselves as hostages in exchange for them, but Saladin refused, and so these remaining citizens were enslaved. The two men led the last party of refugees from the city at the end of the 40-day ransom period (mid-late November).Saladin's secretary Imad al-Din al-Isfahani claimed that Heraclius stripped the gold reliquaries from the churches on the Temple Mount, and carried away cartloads of treasure with him. However, no Christian writers made such allegations against him. By this time, the churches in question had been converted back into mosques: it is likely that he had been permitted to remove their Christian fittings, which otherwise would have been destroyed.After the capture of Jerusalem, Heraclius sought refuge in Antioch, together with the queen. He then took part in the Siege of Acre, where his arrival heartened the army. Like so many others, he died of disease during the Third Crusade in the winter of 1190–1191.".
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- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageOutDegree "83".
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageRevisionID "703417115".
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Agnes_of_Courtenay.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Amalric_of_Jerusalem.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Antioch.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Arnold_of_Torroja.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Baldwin_IV_of_Jerusalem.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Baldwin_V_of_Jerusalem.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Balian_of_Ibelin.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Hattin.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Caesarea_Maritima.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Category:1120s_births.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Category:1190s_deaths.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Category:12th-century_Roman_Catholic_archbishops.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Category:Latin_Patriarchs_of_Jerusalem.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Category:People_of_the_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Clerkenwell_Priory.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Concubinage.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Consecration.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Decretum_Gratiani.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Devil.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Ernoul.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Excommunication.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Gerald_of_Wales.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Gilbert_of_Assailly.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Graham_Shelby.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Grand_Master_(order).
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Guy_of_Lusignan.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Gévaudan.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Henry_II_of_England.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Herbert_of_Bosham.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink History_of_Auvergne.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Imad_ad-Din_al-Isfahani.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Jan_Guillou.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Jerusalem.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Jon_Finch.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Joshua_Prawer.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Kingdom_of_Heaven_(film).
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Kingdom_of_Jerusalem.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Knights_Hospitaller.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Knights_Templar.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Latin_Catholic_Diocese_of_Acre.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Law.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Manuel_Mujica_Láinez.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Maria_Komnene,_Queen_of_Jerusalem.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Nablus.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Nathan_the_Wise.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Patriarch_Amalric_of_Jerusalem.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Peter_of_Blois.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Philip_II_of_France.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Pope.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Alexander_III.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Urban_III.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Ralph_Niger.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Reading,_Berkshire.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Relic.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Rigord.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Roger_de_Moulins.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Saladin.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink See_of_Tyre.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Siege_of_Acre_(1189–91).
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187).
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Stephen_of_Tournai.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Temple_Church.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink The_Knight_Templar.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Third_Council_of_the_Lateran.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Third_Crusade.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Thomas_Becket.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Tower_of_David.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink True_Cross.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Bologna.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Viaticum.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink William_of_Tyre.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLink Zofia_Kossak-Szczucka.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLinkText "Catholic Patriarch of Jerusalem".
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLinkText "Eraclius".
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLinkText "Heraclius of Auvergne".
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLinkText "Heraclius of Jerusalem".
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLinkText "Heraclius".
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLinkText "Patriarch Eraclius".
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLinkText "Patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem".
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLinkText "Patriarch Heraclius".
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageWikiLinkText "Patriarch".
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem after "Vacant until 1194".
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem before Patriarch_Amalric_of_Jerusalem.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem title Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Circa.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:S-end.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:S-start.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Sections.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Succession_box.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem years "1180".
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem subject Category:1120s_births.
- Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem subject Category:1190s_deaths.