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Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1> ?p ?o }

• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 abstract "Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1, 551 U.S. 701 (2007), also known as the \"PICS\" case, is a United States Supreme Court case. At issue were voluntary school desegregation/integration efforts in Seattle, Washington and Louisville, Kentucky. Both school districts voluntarily used individualized racial classifications to achieve diversity and/or avoid racial isolation through student assignment. The Court recognized that seeking diversity and avoiding racial isolation are compelling state interests. However, the Court struck down both school districts' assignment plans, finding that the plans were not sufficiently \"narrowly tailored,\" a legal term that essentially suggests that the means or method being employed (in this case, a student assignment plan based on individualized racial classifications) is closely and narrowly tied to the ends (the stated goals of achieving diversity and/or avoiding racial isolation).The Parents Involved decision was a \"split decision\"—the Court broke 4–1–4 on key aspects of the case, with Justice Kennedy writing the swing vote opinion. Kennedy agreed with four Justices (Roberts, Scalia, Thomas, and Alito) that the programs used by Seattle and Louisville did not pass constitutional muster (because the districts failed to demonstrate that their plans were sufficiently narrowly tailored); but Kennedy also found, along with four Justices (Breyer, Stevens, Souter, and Ginsburg), that compelling interests exist in avoiding racial isolation and promoting diversity. With respect to avoiding racial isolation, Kennedy wrote that, \"[a] compelling interest exists in avoiding racial isolation, an interest that a school district, in its discretion and expertise, may choose to pursue.\" He went on to say that, \"[w]hat the government is not permitted to do, absent a showing of necessity not made here, is to classify every student on the basis of race and to assign each of them to schools based on that classification.\"None of the nine Supreme Court Justices disputed that, as Justice Kennedy put it, the case was \"argued on the assumption...that the discrimination in question did not result from de jure [i.e. state-sponsored] actions.\" This made the case different from Brown v. Board of Education. All of the dissenting Justices acknowledged that \"the Constitution does not impose a duty to desegregate upon districts,\" if the districts have not practiced racial discrimination. However, the dissenters argued that the Constitution permits such desegregation, even though it does not require it.The 4–1–4 split makes PICS somewhat similar to the 1978 Bakke case, which held that affirmative action was unconstitutional in the case directly before the Court; but, nonetheless, Bakke was used to uphold the validity of affirmative action programs that fostered diversity in higher education for a quarter of a century. To this end, in 2011, the U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of Justice jointly issued Guidance on the Voluntary Use of Race to Achieve Diversity and Avoid Racial Isolation in Elementary and Secondary Schools, acknowledging the flexibility that school districts have in taking proactive steps to meet the compelling interests of promoting diversity and avoiding racial isolation within the parameters of current law.".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageExternalLink Goldstein.pdf.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageExternalLink Parents_v._Seattle.
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• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageExternalLink argument.
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• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Anthony_Kennedy.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Brown_v._Board_of_Education.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Category:2007_in_United_States_case_law.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Category:Education_in_Seattle,_Washington.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Louisville,_Kentucky.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Category:Jefferson_County_Public_Schools_(Kentucky).
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• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Category:United_States_affirmative_action_case_law.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Category:United_States_school_desegregation_case_law.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Certiorari.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink De_jure.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Desegregation.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink En_banc.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Gratz_v._Bollinger.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Green_v._County_School_Board_of_New_Kent_County.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Grutter_v._Bollinger.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink High_school.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Historically_black_colleges_and_universities.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Jefferson_County_Public_Schools_(Kentucky).
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink John_Marshall_Harlan.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink John_Paul_Stevens.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink John_Roberts.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Louisville,_Kentucky.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Mendez_v._Westminster.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Plessy_v._Ferguson.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Regents_of_the_University_of_California_v._Bakke.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink School_district.
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• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Stephen_Breyer.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Strict_scrutiny.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Swann_v._Charlotte-Mecklenburg_Board_of_Education.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink Tape_v._Hurley.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Department_of_Education.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Department_of_Justice.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Washington.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLink United_States_courts_of_appeals.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLinkText "2007 supreme court case".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLinkText "Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLinkText "Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 wikiPageWikiLinkText "Parents v. Seattle".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 arguedate "--12-04".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 argueyear "2006".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 citation "127".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 concurrence "Kennedy".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 concurrence "Roberts".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 concurrence "Thomas".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 decidedate "--06-28".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 decideyear "2007".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 dissent "Breyer".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 dissent "Stevens".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 fullname "Parents Involved in Community Schools, Petitioner v. Seattle School District No. 1, et al.; Crystal D. Meredith, Custodial Parent and Next Friend of Joshua Ryan McDonald v. Jefferson County Board of Education, et al.".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 holding "The student assignment plan of Seattle Public Schools and Jefferson County Public Schools does not meet the narrowly tailored and compelling interest requirements for a race-based assignment plan because it is used only to achieve "racial balance." Public schools may not use race as the sole determining factor for assigning students to schools. Race-conscious objectives to achieve diverse school environment may be acceptable.".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 joinconcurrence "Scalia, Thomas, Alito".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 joindissent "Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 joinmajority "Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, Alito".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 lawsapplied Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 litigants "Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 majority "Roberts".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 prior "Certiorari to the United States courts of appeals for the Ninth and Sixth Circuits.".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 scotus "2006".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 uspage "701".
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 usvol "551".
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• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 subject Category:2007_in_United_States_case_law.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 subject Category:Education_in_Seattle,_Washington.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 subject Category:History_of_Louisville,_Kentucky.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 subject Category:Jefferson_County_Public_Schools_(Kentucky).
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 subject Category:United_States_Supreme_Court_cases.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 subject Category:United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_of_the_Roberts_Court.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 subject Category:United_States_affirmative_action_case_law.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 subject Category:United_States_school_desegregation_case_law.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 type Case.
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• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 type Situation.
• Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 type Thing.

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