Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pain_in_invertebrates> ?p ?o }
- Pain_in_invertebrates abstract "Pain in invertebrates is a contentious issue. Although there are numerous definitions of pain, almost all involve two key components. First, nociception is required. This is the ability to detect noxious stimuli which evokes a reflex response that moves the entire animal, or the affected part of its body, away from the source of the stimulus. The concept of nociception does not imply any adverse, subjective 'feeling' - it is a reflex action. The second component is the experience of 'pain' itself, or suffering, i.e. the internal, emotional interpretation of the nociceptive experience. Pain is therefore a private, emotional experience. Pain cannot be directly measured in other animals, including other humans; responses to putatively painful stimuli can be measured, but not the experience itself. To address this problem when assessing the capacity of other species to experience pain, argument-by-analogy is used. This is based on the principle that if a non-human animal's responses to stimuli are similar to those of humans, it is likely to have had an analogous experience. It has been argued that if a pin is stuck in a chimpanzee's finger and she rapidly withdraws her hand, then argument-by-analogy implies that like humans, she felt pain. It has been questioned why the inference does not then follow that a cockroach experiences pain when it writhes after being stuck with a pin. This argument-by-analogy approach to the concept of pain in invertebrates has been followed by others.The ability to experience nociception has been subject to natural selection and offers the advantage of reducing further harm to the organism. While it might be expected therefore that nociception is widespread and robust, nociception varies across species. For example, the chemical capsaicin is commonly used as a noxious stimulus in experiments with mammals; however, the African naked mole-rat, Heterocephalus glaber, an unusual rodent species that lacks pain-related neuropeptides (e.g., substance P) in cutaneous sensory fibres, shows a unique and remarkable lack of pain-related behaviours to acid and capsaicin. Similarly, capsaicin triggers nociceptors in some invertebrates, but this substance is not noxious to Drosophila melanogaster (the common fruit fly).Criteria that may indicate a potential for experiencing pain include: Has a suitable nervous system and receptors Physiological changes to noxious stimuli Displays protective motor reactions that might include reduced use of an affected area such as limping, rubbing, holding or autotomy Has opioid receptors and shows reduced responses to noxious stimuli when given analgesics and local anaesthetics Shows trade-offs between stimulus avoidance and other motivational requirements Shows avoidance learning Exhibits high cognitive ability and sentience↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑".
- Pain_in_invertebrates thumbnail Monarch_Butterfly_Danaus_plexippus_Vertical_Caterpillar_2000px.jpg?width=300.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageExternalLink 185.full.pdf.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageExternalLink 185.short.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageExternalLink Robyn_Crook.pdf.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageExternalLink scielo.php?pid=S0021-25712013000100004&script=sci_arttext&tlng=p.
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- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageRevisionID "706526567".
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink A_delta_fiber.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Acari.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Acetic_acid.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Afferent_nerve_fiber.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Aircraft_principal_axes.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Anatomical_terms_of_location.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Animal_cognition.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Animal_consciousness.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Animal_ethics.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Annelid.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Antenna_(biology).
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Aplysia.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Aplysia_gill_and_siphon_withdrawal_reflex.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Argiope_(spider).
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Argument.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Arteriole.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Arthropod.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Ascaris_suum.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Atta_colombica.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Autotomy.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Benzocaine.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Blood_cell.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Brain.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Caenorhabditis_elegans.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink California_sea_hare.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Capsaicin.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Carapace.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Carcinus_maenas.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Category:Animal_welfare.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Category:Invertebrates.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Category:Neurophysiology.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Category:Pain.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Category:Pain_in_animals.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Cephalopod.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Charles_Darwin.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Chela_(organ).
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Chimpanzee.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Cockroach.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Concept.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Convergent_evolution.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Crab.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Cricket_(insect).
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Cruelty_to_animals.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Crustacean.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Cuttlefish.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Dean_Wooldridge.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Decapoda.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Defecation.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Donald_Griffin.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Douglas_Hofstadter.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Drosophila.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Drosophila_melanogaster.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Electrolyte.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Electrophysiology.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Emotion.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Emotion_in_animals.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Endocrine_system.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Endorphins.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Enkephalin.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Eusociality.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Eyestalk_ablation.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink File:Grapevinesnail_01.jpg.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink File:Octopus_shell.jpg.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink File:Spider_internal_anatomy-en.svg.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink File:Tobacco_Hornworm_1.jpg.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink File:Waspstinger1658-2.jpg.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Fixed_action_pattern.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Flatworm.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Ganglion.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Gill.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Habituation.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Hermit_crab.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Hirudo_medicinalis.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Histamine.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Honey_bee.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Hydrochloric_acid.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Idiothetic.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Insect.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Insect_euthanasia.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Jeffrey_A._Lockwood.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Latent_learning.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Leafcutter_ant.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Learning.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Leech.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Lidocaine.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Litopenaeus_setiferus.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Lobster.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Manduca_sexta.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Mantis_shrimp.
- Pain_in_invertebrates wikiPageWikiLink Mealworm.