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- PEP_group_translocation abstract "PEP group translocation, also known as the phosphotransferase system or PTS, is a distinct method used by bacteria for sugar uptake where the source of energy is from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). It is known as multicomponent system that always involves enzymes of the plasma membrane and those in the cytoplasm. An example of this transport is found in E. coli cells. The system was discovered by Saul Roseman in 1964.The phosphotransferase system is involved in transporting many sugars into bacteria, including glucose, mannose, fructose and cellobiose. PTS sugars can differ between bacterial groups, mirroring the most suitable carbon sources available in the environment every group evolved. The phosphoryl group on PEP is eventually transferred to the imported sugar via several proteins. The phosphoryl group is transferred to the Enzyme E I (EI), Histidine Protein (HPr, Heat-stable Protein) and Enzyme E II (EII) to a conserved histidine residue, whereas in the Enzyme E II B (EIIB) the phosphoryl group is usually transferred to a cysteine residue and rarely to a histidine.In the process of glucose PTS transport specific of enteric bacteria, PEP transfers its phosphoryl to a histidine residue on EI. EI in turn transfers the phosphate to HPr. From HPr the phosphoryl is transferred to EIIA. EIIA is specific for glucose and it further transfers the phosphoryl group to a juxtamembrane EIIB. Finally, EIIB phosphorylates glucose as it crosses the plasma membrane through the transmembrane Enzyme II C (EIIC), forming glucose-6-phosphate. The benefit of transforming glucose into glucose-6-phosphate is that it will not leak out of the cell, therefore providing a one-way concentration gradient of glucose. The HPr is common to the phosphotransferase systems of the other substrates mentioned earlier, as is the upstream EI.Proteins downstream of HPr tend to vary between the different sugars. The transfer of a phosphate group to the substrate once it has been imported through the membrane transporter prevents the transporter from recognizing the substrate again, thus maintaining a concentration gradient that favours further import of the substrate through the transporter. With the glucose phosphotransferase system, the phosphorylation status of EIIA can have regulatory functions. For example, at low glucose concentrations phosphorylated EIIA accumulates and this activates membrane-bound adenylate cyclase. Intracellular cyclic AMP levels rise and this then activates CAP (catabolite activator protein), which is involved in the catabolite repression system, also known as glucose effect. When the glucose concentration is high, EIIA is mostly dephosphorylated and this allows it to inhibit adenylate cyclase, glycerol kinase, lactose permease, and maltose permease. Thus, as well as the PEP group translocation system being an efficient way to import substrates into the bacterium, it also links this transport to regulation of other relevant proteins.It is an active transport. After the translocation, the metabolites transported are modified.Three-dimensional structures of examples of all the soluble, cytoplasmic complexes of the PTS were solved by G. Marius Clore using multidimensional NMR spectroscopy, and led to significant insights into how signal transduction proteins recognize multiple, structurally dissimilar partners by generating similar binding surfaces from completely different structural elements, making use of large binding surfaces with intrinsic redundancy, and exploiting side chain conformational plasticity.".
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageExternalLink juxtamembrane.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageID "1441886".
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageLength "5321".
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageOutDegree "27".
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageRevisionID "671484555".
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Adenylyl_cyclase.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Bacteria.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Catabolite_activator_protein.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Catabolite_repression.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Enzymes.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Cell_membrane.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Cyclic_adenosine_monophosphate.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Cysteine.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Cytoplasm.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Enzyme_E_I.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Enzyme_E_II.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Escherichia_coli.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink G._Marius_Clore.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Glucose_6-phosphate.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Glycerol_kinase.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Gut_flora.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Histidine.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Histidine_Protein.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Lactose_permease.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Maltose_permease.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_magnetic_resonance.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Phosphine_oxide.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Phosphoenolpyruvic_acid.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Saccharide_transporter.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Saul_Roseman.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLink Signal_transduction.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLinkText "PEP group translocation".
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLinkText "PEP-dependent phosphotransferase system".
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLinkText "group translocation".
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLinkText "phosphotransferase system (PTS)".
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLinkText "phosphotransferase system".
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageWikiLinkText "phosphotransferase-system (PTS)".
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:MeshName.
- PEP_group_translocation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Multienzyme_complexes.
- PEP_group_translocation subject Category:Enzymes.
- PEP_group_translocation hypernym Method.
- PEP_group_translocation type Software.
- PEP_group_translocation type Redirect.
- PEP_group_translocation comment "PEP group translocation, also known as the phosphotransferase system or PTS, is a distinct method used by bacteria for sugar uptake where the source of energy is from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). It is known as multicomponent system that always involves enzymes of the plasma membrane and those in the cytoplasm. An example of this transport is found in E. coli cells.".
- PEP_group_translocation label "PEP group translocation".
- PEP_group_translocation sameAs Q1538418.
- PEP_group_translocation sameAs Gruppentranslokation.
- PEP_group_translocation sameAs Traslocación_de_grupo_PEP.
- PEP_group_translocation sameAs Translocación_de_grupo_PEP.
- PEP_group_translocation sameAs מערכת_פוספוטרנספראז.
- PEP_group_translocation sameAs Traslocazione_di_gruppo.
- PEP_group_translocation sameAs m.051x5l.
- PEP_group_translocation sameAs Q1538418.
- PEP_group_translocation wasDerivedFrom PEP_group_translocation?oldid=671484555.
- PEP_group_translocation isPrimaryTopicOf PEP_group_translocation.