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- Operation_Bertram abstract "Operation Bertram was a major Second World War deception operation practised by the allied forces in Egypt led by Bernard Montgomery in the months leading up to the Second Battle of El Alamein in 1942. Bertram was devised by Dudley Clarke to deceive Erwin Rommel about the timing and location of the allied attack. The operation consisted of physical deceptions using dummies and camouflage, designed and made by the British Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate led by Geoffrey Barkas. These were accompanied by electromagnetic deceptions codenamed \"Operation Canwell\" using false radio traffic. All of these were planned to make the enemy believe that the attack would take place to the south, far from the coast road and railway, and about two days later than the real attack.Bertram consisted both in creating the appearance of army units where none existed, and in concealing armour, artillery and materiel. Dummy tanks and guns were made mainly of local materials including calico and palm-frond hurdles. Real tanks were disguised as trucks, using light \"Sunshield\" canopies. Field guns and their limbers were also disguised as trucks, their real wheels visible, under a simple box-shaped \"Cannibal\" canopy to give the shape of a truck. Petrol cans were stacked along the sides of existing revetted trenches, hidden in the shadows. Food was stacked in piles of boxes, and draped with camouflage nets, to resemble trucks.To achieve the deception, trucks were parked openly in the tank assembly area for some weeks. Real tanks were similarly parked openly, far behind the front. Two nights before the attack, the tanks replaced the trucks, being covered with \"Sunshields\" before dawn. The tanks were replaced that same night with dummies in their original positions, so the armour remained seemingly two or more days' journey behind the front line. To reinforce the impression that the attack was not ready, a dummy water pipeline was constructed, at an apparent rate of 5 miles (8.0 km) per day. Some days' worth remained to be built at the time of the actual attack. Dummy tanks, guns and supplies were constructed to the south.After the battle, the captured German panzerarmee general Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma told Montgomery that he had believed the Allies had at least one more armoured division than they did, and that the attack would be in the south. Rommel's stand-in, general Georg Stumme, thought the attack would not begin for several weeks. Bertram had thus succeeded in all its objectives. Announcing the victory at El Alamein in the House of Commons, Winston Churchill praised the camouflage operation.".
- Operation_Bertram thumbnail IWM-HU-59574_Constructing_a_Dummy_Tank_1942.jpg?width=300.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageExternalLink 17.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageExternalLink camouflage-and-the-desert-war.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageExternalLink photos.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageID "1081476".
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageLength "26933".
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageOutDegree "73".
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageRevisionID "696935180".
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Bedford_Vehicles.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Bernard_Montgomery.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Brian_Robb.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Cairo.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Camouflage.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Camoufleurs.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Cannibalism.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Category:1942_in_Egypt.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Category:Military_camouflage.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Category:Mimicry.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Category:World_War_II_deception_operations.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Charles_Leslie_Richardson.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Crusader_tank.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Dudley_Clarke.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Egypt.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom).
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink El_Alamein.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Erwin_Rommel.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Field_gun.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink File:Brian_Robbs_sketch_of_Cannibal_disguise_of_25-pounder_gun,_limber,_quad_as_trucks.jpg.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink File:IWM-E-18461-Crusader-camouflaged-19421026.jpg.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink File:Wavells_idea_for_Sunshield_tank_camouflage.jpg.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Freddie_de_Guingand.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Gasoline.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Geoffrey_Barkas.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Georg_Stumme.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Harold_Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Tunis.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Jasper_Maskelyne.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Jeep.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Limbers_and_caissons.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Long_ton.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink M3_Lee.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink M4_Sherman.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Materiel.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Maxwell_Ayrton.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Middle_East_Command_Camouflage_Directorate.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Military_deception.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Mimicry.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Morris_C8.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Navy,_Army_and_Air_Force_Institutes.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Ordnance_QF_25-pounder.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Qattara_Depression.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Steven_Sykes_(artist).
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Tony_Ayrton.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Army_Command_and_General_Staff_College.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Valentine_tank.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Wilhelm_Ritter_von_Thoma.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink Winston_Churchill.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink World_War_II.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink File:IWM-HU-59572_Dummy_tank_frame_over_Jeep_1942.jpg.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink File:IWM-HU-59574_Constructing_a_Dummy_Tank_1942.jpg.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink File:Map_of_Operation_Bertram.jpg.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink File:The_British_Army_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H20971.jpg.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink File:WO201-2023_Operation_Bertram_dummy_vehicles_at_Diamond_dummy_pipeline_October_1942.jpg.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLink File:WO201-2841_Middle_East_Command_Camouflage_Development_and_Training_Centre,_Helwan_Sunshield.jpg.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLinkText "Bertram".
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLinkText "Operation ''Bertram''".
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLinkText "Operation Bertram".
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageWikiLinkText "Sunshield".
- Operation_Bertram caption "Constructing a dummy tank at the Middle East School of Camouflage at Helwan, near Cairo, photo by Captain Gerald Leet, 1942".
- Operation_Bertram date "September – October 1942".
- Operation_Bertram executedBy "Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate".
- Operation_Bertram latitude "30.8".
- Operation_Bertram location Egypt.
- Operation_Bertram location El_Alamein.
- Operation_Bertram longitude "28.94".
- Operation_Bertram mapLabel "El Alamein".
- Operation_Bertram mapSize "175".
- Operation_Bertram mapType "Egypt".
- Operation_Bertram name "Operation Bertram".
- Operation_Bertram objective "-259200.0".
- Operation_Bertram objective "1".
- Operation_Bertram objective "2".
- Operation_Bertram objective "3".
- Operation_Bertram outcome "Complete tactical surprise".
- Operation_Bertram plannedBy Charles_Leslie_Richardson.
- Operation_Bertram plannedBy Dudley_Clarke.
- Operation_Bertram plannedBy Geoffrey_Barkas.
- Operation_Bertram scope "Whole of Eighth Army".
- Operation_Bertram type "Physical deception".
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Allied_Military_Deception_in_World_War_II.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Campaignbox_Western_Desert.
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- Operation_Bertram wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_web.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Convert.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Coord.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Efn.
- Operation_Bertram wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Good_article.