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- Onondaga_Formation abstract "The Onondaga Formation is a group of hard limestones and dolostones of Devonian age that form an important geographic feature in some areas in which it outcrops, in others; especially its Southern Ontario portion, the formation can be less prominent as a local surface feature.In upstate New York and southern Ontario the sedimentary rocks tend to slope slightly southward, and the Onondaga outcrops in a line that usually forms an escarpment (the steep face of a cuesta), because of its resistance to erosion. The outcrop can be traced from the Hudson River valley westward along the southern rim of the Mohawk River valley, passing just south of Syracuse, and along the northern heads of the major Finger Lakes to Buffalo, New York. From Fort Erie, Ontario it runs to Windsor just north of the Lake Erie shoreline, becoming less prominent as one travels westward. It is not distinct west of Windsor, but begins to become noticeable as a steep hill just northwest of Leamington, as it forms a low ridge/escarpment along much of the Lake Erie shoreline.In several spots it is breached by geologically young streams and spectacular waterfalls are formed, such as at Chittenango Falls just east of Syracuse, Buttermilk Falls at Le Roy, New York and Indian Falls west of Batavia.A few other breaches occur in older valleys, which likely once had waterfalls, but erosion eventually obliterated them. Such breaches occur at the Tully valley, the Genesee River valley near Avon, New York, and at Port Colborne, Ontario, where the old valley forms a harbor on Lake Erie.The formation is broken by the only major fault line in western New York, the Linden Fault just east of Batavia, where the eastern side of the fault has dropped down and the ledge moved southward relative to the western side. On the western side of the fault in Genesee County the escarpment achieves its greatest prominence. The New York State Thruway has a rock cut at Batavia which clearly shows the fault and is a popular point for geology class field trips. The fault, which runs from Attica, New York northward to Lake Ontario, is still active and periodically causes minor earthquakes in the area.The Onondaga Formation also can be found in other areas where rocks of the same age outcrop, such as in western Pennsylvania and Michigan but they do not form prominent geographic features.A similar and more prominent outcrop known as the Niagara Escarpment runs parallel and about 25 miles (40 kilometers) to the north through upstate New York, but curves northwestward in southern Ontario toward Lake Huron and eventually into Michigan's Upper Peninsula and Wisconsin's Door Peninsula.Another smaller outcrop known as the Portage Escarpment lies about 35 miles to the south, running along the southern ends of the Finger Lakes and forming Cascadilla, Ithaca and Buttermilk Falls in Ithaca.The Onondaga Escarpment contains significant outcrops of flint (a type of chert) which bears the escarpment's name. This variety of chert was of great importance to First Nations peoples throughout Southern Ontario, who used it to make stone tools (lithics) such as projectile points and hide scrapers. This variety of chert, which is of reasonably high-quality and which was highly valued by First Nations peoples, is often a common variety of chert recovered archaeologically from sites relatively adjacent to outcrops; for example, Onondaga-variety chert comprises 95% of all of the flint material from some sites in Milton, Ontario. The material has also been found as well at some distance from its original source; Onondaga chert has been recovered at the late archaic Duck Lake archaeological site in northern Michigan, circa 400 kilometers from the nearest outcropping of the material. This wide distribution implies either a very large seasonal migration of ancient peoples or long-distance trade routes, with both likely being the case at different times throughout the prehistory of the Great Lakes region.".
- Onondaga_Formation thumbnail The_Onondaga_Formation.png?width=300.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageExternalLink sgmc-unit.php?unit=NYDob%3B4.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageExternalLink chittenangofalls.html.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageID "769217".
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageLength "9829".
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageOutDegree "97".
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageRevisionID "699101852".
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Archaic_period_in_North_America.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Attica_(village),_New_York.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Avon,_New_York.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Batavia,_New_York.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Buffalo,_New_York.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Building_stone.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Cliff-formers.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Devonian_Canada.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Devonian_Ontario.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Devonian_United_States.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Devonian_geology_of_New_York.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Devonian_geology_of_Pennsylvania.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Devonian_geology_of_Virginia.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Escarpments_of_Canada.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Escarpments_of_the_United_States.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Geography_of_Syracuse,_New_York.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Landforms_of_Onondaga_County,_New_York.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Limestone.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Limestone_formations.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Limestone_formations_of_the_United_States.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Onondaga_limestone.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Rock_formations_of_New_York.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Chert.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Chittenango_Falls_State_Park.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Clarendon-Linden_fault_system.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Corpus_Christi_R._C._Church_Complex.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Cuesta.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Devonian.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Dimension_stone.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Dolostone.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Door_Peninsula.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Erosion.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Escarpment.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Fault_(geology).
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Finger_Lakes.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink First_Nations.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Flint.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Fort_Erie,_Ontario.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Genesee_County,_New_York.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Genesee_County_Courthouse.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Genesee_River.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Geological_formation.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Geology_of_the_Appalachians.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Great_Lakes.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Gridley_Building.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Hall_of_Languages,_Syracuse_University.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Hudson_River.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Ithaca,_New_York.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Lake_Erie.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Lake_Huron.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Le_Roy_(village),_New_York.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Leamington,_Ontario.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Limestone.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Marcellus_Formation.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Maryland.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Michigan.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Milton,_Ontario.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Mohawk_River.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink New_York.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink New_York_State_Thruway.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Niagara_Escarpment.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink North_America.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Onondaga,_New_York.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Ontario.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Oriskany_Formation.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Outcrop.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Pennsylvania.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Port_Colborne.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Portage_Escarpment.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Projectile_point.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Southern_Ontario.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Stage_(stratigraphy).
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Stone_tool.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Stream.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Syracuse,_New_York.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Tioga_bentonite.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Tonawanda_Creek.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Tully,_New_York.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Geological_Survey.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink White_Memorial_Building_(Syracuse,_New_York).
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Windsor,_Ontario.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink Year.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink File:NY_Chittenango_Falls.JPG.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink File:Syracuse_1884_limestone.jpg.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLink File:The_Onondaga_Formation.png.
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Onondaga Escarpment".
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Onondaga Formation".
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Onondaga escarpment".
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Onondaga limestone".
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Onondaga scarp".
- Onondaga_Formation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Onondaga".