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- Oil_sands abstract "Oil sands, tar sands or, more technically, bituminous sands, are a type of unconventional petroleum deposit.Oil sands are either loose sands or partially consolidated sandstone containing a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, and water, saturated with a dense and extremely viscous form of petroleum technically referred to as bitumen (or colloquially tar due to its similar appearance, odour, and colour). Natural bitumen deposits are reported in many countries, but in particular are found in extremely large quantities in Canada. Other large reserves are located in Kazakhstan and Russia. The estimated worldwide deposits of oil are more than 2 trillion barrels (320 billion cubic metres); the estimates include deposits that have not been discovered. Proven reserves of bitumen contain approximately 100 billion barrels, and total natural bitumen reserves are estimated at 249.67 Gbbl (39.694×10^9 m3) worldwide, of which 176.8 Gbbl (28.11×10^9 m3), or 70.8%, are in Alberta, Canada.Oil sands reserves have only recently been considered to be part of the world's oil reserves, as higher oil prices and new technology enable profitable extraction and processing. Oil produced from bitumen sands is often referred to as unconventional oil or crude bitumen, to distinguish it from liquid hydrocarbons produced from traditional oil wells.The crude bitumen contained in the Canadian oil sands is described by the National Energy Board of Canada as \"a highly viscous mixture of hydrocarbons heavier than pentanes which, in its natural state, is not usually recoverable at a commercial rate through a well because it is too thick to flow.\" Crude bitumen is a thick, sticky form of crude oil, so heavy and viscous (thick) that it will not flow unless heated or diluted with lighter hydrocarbons such as light crude oil or natural-gas condensate. At room temperature, it is much like cold molasses. The World Energy Council (WEC) defines natural bitumen as \"oil having a viscosity greater than 10,000 centipoise under reservoir conditions and an API gravity of less than 10° API\". The Orinoco Belt in Venezuela is sometimes described as oil sands, but these deposits are non-bituminous, falling instead into the category of heavy or extra-heavy oil due to their lower viscosity. Natural bitumen and extra-heavy oil differ in the degree by which they have been degraded from the original conventional oils by bacteria. According to the WEC, extra-heavy oil has \"a gravity of less than 10° API and a reservoir viscosity of no more than 10,000 centipoise\".According to the study ordered by the Government of Alberta and conducted by Jacobs Engineering Group, emissions from oil-sand crude are 12% higher than from conventional oil.".
- Oil_sands thumbnail Athabasca_Oil_Sands_map.png?width=300.
- Oil_sands wikiPageExternalLink 4212552.
- Oil_sands wikiPageExternalLink R42537.pdf.
- Oil_sands wikiPageExternalLink tar-sands.
- Oil_sands wikiPageExternalLink tar_sands.
- Oil_sands wikiPageExternalLink oilsands.
- Oil_sands wikiPageExternalLink www.oilsandsdiscovery.com.
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- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink 350.org.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink API_gravity.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Aboriginal_peoples_in_Canada.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Air_Quality_Health_Index_(Canada).
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Alaska_North_Slope.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Alberta.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Alberta_College_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Alberta_Energy_Regulator.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Alberta_Oil_Sands_Technology_and_Research_Authority.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Alberta_Research_Council.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Albian_Sands.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_Mackenzie_(explorer).
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Alkane.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Ammonia.
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- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Babylonia.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Bacteria.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Bakken_Formation.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Barack_Obama.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Barrel_of_oil_equivalent.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Beaver_River_sandstone.
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- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Benchmark_(crude_oil).
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Benzene.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Benzo(a)pyrene.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Birch_bark.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Bonnyville.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Borehole.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Brent_Crude.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink British_Columbia.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Bruderheim.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Burnaby_Refinery.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink By-product.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink CFB_Cold_Lake.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Cadmium.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Calgary.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink California_oil_and_gas_industry.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Canada.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Canadian_Arctic_Archipelago.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Canadian_Association_of_Petroleum_Producers.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Canadian_National_Railway.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Canadian_Natural_Resources.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Canadian_Pacific_Railway.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Canadian_Rockies.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Canadian_Shield.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Canaport.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Cancer.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Canoe.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_County,_Utah.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_bubble.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_monoxide.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Carcinogen.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Casper,_Wyoming.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Catalysis.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Category:Articles_containing_video_clips.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Category:Bituminous_sands.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Category:Petroleum_geology.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Category:Petroleum_industry.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Celsius.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Cenovus_Energy.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Chevron_Corporation.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Chief_economist.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink China.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink China_National_Offshore_Oil_Corporation.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink China_Petrochemical_Corporation.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Chromium.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Clay.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Clearwater_River_(Alberta).
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Coal.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Coal_gas.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Coal_tar.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Cobalt.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Cogeneration.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Coker_unit.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Cold_Lake,_Alberta.
- Oil_sands wikiPageWikiLink Cold_Lake_oil_sands.