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- Ocean_surface_topography abstract "The ocean surface has highs and lows, similar to the hills and valleys of Earth's land surface depicted on a topographic map. These variations, called ocean surface topography (or sea surface topography), also dynamic topography, are mapped using measurements of sea surface height relative to Earth's geoid. Earth's geoid is a calculated surface of equal gravitational potential energy and represents the shape the sea surface would be if the ocean were not in motion. Topography is the arrangement of natural and artificial features of an area. Ocean surface topography is specifically the distance between the height of the ocean surface from the geoid. Ocean surface topography is caused by ocean waves, tides, currents, and the loading of atmospheric pressure. The main purpose to measure ocean surface topography is to understand the large-scale circulation of the ocean. The height variations of ocean surface topography can be as much as two meters and are influenced by ocean circulation, ocean temperature, and salinity.Ocean surface topography is used to map ocean currents, which move around the ocean's \"hills\" and \"valleys\" in predictable ways. A clockwise sense of rotation is found around \"hills\" in the northern hemisphere and \"valleys\" in the southern hemisphere. This is because of the Coriolis effect. Conversely, a counterclockwise sense of rotation is found around \"valleys\" in the northern hemisphere and \"hills\" in the southern hemisphere.Ocean surface topography is also used to understand how the ocean moves heat around the globe, a critical component of Earth's climate, and for monitoring changes in global sea level. The sea surface height (SSH) is calculated through altimetry satellites, which determine the distance from the satellite to a target surface by measuring the satellite-to-surface round-trip time of a radar pulse. The satellites then measure the distance between their orbit altitude and the surface of the water. Due to the differing depths of the ocean, an approximation is made. This is called the Arbitrary Reference Surface. Arbitrary Reference Surface is an estimated surface that is calculated to factor in the shape of the Earth. The general shape of the earth is spherical, but flattened out at the North and South Pole. This approximated surface is called the reference ellipsoid. This enables data to be taken precisely due to the uniform surface level. The satellite’s altitude then has to be calculated with respect to the reference ellipsoid. It is calculated using the orbital parameters of the satellite and various positioning instruments. The sea surface height is then the difference between the satellite’s altitude relative to the reference ellipsoid and the altimeter range. The satellite sends microwave pulses to the ocean surface. The travel time of the pulses ascending to the oceans surface and back provides data of the sea surface height. In the image below you can see the measurement system using by the satellite Jason-1.".
- Ocean_surface_topography thumbnail Ocean_dynamic_topography.jpg?width=300.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageExternalLink grace.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageExternalLink sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageID "19625172".
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageLength "11164".
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageOutDegree "47".
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageRevisionID "697944539".
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink (CNES).
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink (NASA).
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink (NOAA).
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Altimeter.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink CNES.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Category:Climatology.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Category:Oceanography.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Category:Topography.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Climate.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Coriolis_force.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Dynamic_topography.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink El_Niño.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Geoid.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Gravity_Recovery_and_Climate_Experiment.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Jason-1.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink La_Niña.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Measurement.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink NASA.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Ocean_Surface_Topography_Mission.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Ocean_current.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink SARAL.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Salinity.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Satellite.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Sea_level.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Sea_level_rise.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Sea_surface_microlayer.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Ship.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Surface_Water_Ocean_Topography_Mission.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Poseidon.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Temperature.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Topographic_map.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink Topography.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink File:Jason-1_measurement_system.gif.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLink File:Ocean_dynamic_topography.jpg.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLinkText "Ocean surface topography".
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLinkText "ocean surface topography".
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageWikiLinkText "sea surface topography".
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Distinguish.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Merge_from.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Physical_oceanography.
- Ocean_surface_topography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Ocean_surface_topography subject Category:Climatology.
- Ocean_surface_topography subject Category:Oceanography.
- Ocean_surface_topography subject Category:Topography.
- Ocean_surface_topography type Science.
- Ocean_surface_topography type Thing.
- Ocean_surface_topography comment "The ocean surface has highs and lows, similar to the hills and valleys of Earth's land surface depicted on a topographic map. These variations, called ocean surface topography (or sea surface topography), also dynamic topography, are mapped using measurements of sea surface height relative to Earth's geoid. Earth's geoid is a calculated surface of equal gravitational potential energy and represents the shape the sea surface would be if the ocean were not in motion.".
- Ocean_surface_topography label "Ocean surface topography".
- Ocean_surface_topography differentFrom Bathymetry.
- Ocean_surface_topography sameAs Q7076157.
- Ocean_surface_topography sameAs طبوغرافية_سطح_المحيط.
- Ocean_surface_topography sameAs Topografi_permukaan_laut.
- Ocean_surface_topography sameAs Topografia_da_superfície_dos_oceanos.
- Ocean_surface_topography sameAs m.04n5xd9.
- Ocean_surface_topography sameAs Q7076157.
- Ocean_surface_topography wasDerivedFrom Ocean_surface_topography?oldid=697944539.
- Ocean_surface_topography depiction Ocean_dynamic_topography.jpg.
- Ocean_surface_topography isPrimaryTopicOf Ocean_surface_topography.