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- Nicol_prism abstract "A Nicol prism is a type of polarizer, an optical device used to produce a polarized beam of light from an unpolarized beam. It is made in such a way that it eliminates one of the rays by Total Internal Reflection i.e, the O-ray is eliminated and only the E-ray is transmitted through the prism. See polarized light. It was the first type of polarizing prism to be invented, in 1828 by William Nicol (1770–1851) of Edinburgh. It consists of a rhombohedral crystal of Iceland spar (a variety of calcite) that has been cut at an angle of 68° with respect to the crystal axis, cut again diagonally, and then rejoined as shown using, as a glue, a layer of transparent Canada balsam.Unpolarized light ray enters through the left face of the crystal, as shown in the diagram, and is split into two orthogonally polarized, differently directed rays by the birefringence property of the calcite. One of these rays (the ordinary or o-ray) experiences a refractive index of no = 1.658 in the calcite and it undergoes total internal reflection at the calcite-glue interface because its angle of incidence at the glue layer (refractive index n = 1.55) exceeds the critical angle for the interface. It passes out the top side of the upper half of the prism with some refraction as shown. The other ray (the extraordinary ray or e-ray) experiences a lower refractive index (ne = 1.486) in the calcite, and is not totally reflected at the interface because it strikes the interface at a sub-critical angle. The e-ray merely undergoes a slight refraction, or bending, as it passes through the interface into the lower half of the prism. It finally leaves the prism as a ray of plane polarized light, undergoing another refraction as it exits the far right side of the prism. The two exiting rays have polarizations orthogonal (at right angles) to each other, but the lower, or e-ray, is the more commonly used for further experimentation because it is again traveling in the original horizontal direction, assuming that the calcite prism angles have been properly cut. The direction of the upper ray, or o-ray, is quite different from its original direction because it alone suffers total internal reflection at the glue interface as well as a final refraction on exit from the upper side of the prism.Nicol prisms were once widely used in microscopy and polarimetry, and the term \"using crossed Nicols\" (abbreviated as XN) is still used to refer to the observing of a sample placed between orthogonally oriented polarizers. In most instruments, however, Nicol prisms have been replaced by other types of polarizers such as Polaroid sheets and Glan–Thompson prisms.".
- Nicol_prism thumbnail Nicol_prism.svg?width=300.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageID "1908650".
- Nicol_prism wikiPageLength "3550".
- Nicol_prism wikiPageOutDegree "30".
- Nicol_prism wikiPageRevisionID "703075779".
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Angle_of_incidence_(optics).
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Birefringence.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Calcite.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Canada_balsam.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Category:Polarization_(waves).
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Category:Prisms.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Category:Scottish_inventions.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Edinburgh.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Glan–Foucault_prism.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Glan–Thompson_prism.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Iceland_spar.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Microscopy.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Nomarski_prism.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Polarimeter.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Polarization_(waves).
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Polarizer.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Polaroid_(polarizer).
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Prism.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Refraction.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Refractive_index.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Rochon_prism.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Sénarmont_prism.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Total_internal_reflection.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Trigonal_crystal_system.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink William_Nicol_(geologist).
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink Wollaston_prism.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLink File:Nicol_prism.svg.
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLinkText "Nicol polarizing prism".
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLinkText "Nicol prism".
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLinkText "Nicol".
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLinkText "made from a special Icelandic crystal".
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLinkText "nicol (double-image) prism".
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLinkText "nicol prism".
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLinkText "nicol".
- Nicol_prism wikiPageWikiLinkText "polarising prisms".
- Nicol_prism wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Nicol_prism subject Category:Polarization_(waves).
- Nicol_prism subject Category:Prisms.
- Nicol_prism subject Category:Scottish_inventions.
- Nicol_prism hypernym Polarizer.
- Nicol_prism type Astrophysic.
- Nicol_prism type Redirect.
- Nicol_prism comment "A Nicol prism is a type of polarizer, an optical device used to produce a polarized beam of light from an unpolarized beam. It is made in such a way that it eliminates one of the rays by Total Internal Reflection i.e, the O-ray is eliminated and only the E-ray is transmitted through the prism. See polarized light. It was the first type of polarizing prism to be invented, in 1828 by William Nicol (1770–1851) of Edinburgh.".
- Nicol_prism label "Nicol prism".
- Nicol_prism sameAs Q1343878.
- Nicol_prism sameAs منشور_نيكول.
- Nicol_prism sameAs Prisma_de_Nicol.
- Nicol_prism sameAs Nicolsches_Prisma.
- Nicol_prism sameAs Prisma_de_Nicol.
- Nicol_prism sameAs منشور_نیکول.
- Nicol_prism sameAs Nicolin_prisma.
- Nicol_prism sameAs Prisme_de_Nicol.
- Nicol_prism sameAs Prisma_di_Nicol.
- Nicol_prism sameAs Николь_призмасы.
- Nicol_prism sameAs നികോൽ_പ്രിസം.
- Nicol_prism sameAs Nicolprisme.
- Nicol_prism sameAs Pryzmat_Nicola.
- Nicol_prism sameAs Prisma_de_Nicol.
- Nicol_prism sameAs m.065d_f.
- Nicol_prism sameAs Prismă_Nicol.
- Nicol_prism sameAs Призма_Николя.
- Nicol_prism sameAs Nicolov_hranol.
- Nicol_prism sameAs Nicolova_prizma.
- Nicol_prism sameAs Nicolprisma.
- Nicol_prism sameAs நைக்கல்_பட்டகம்.
- Nicol_prism sameAs నికోల్_ప్రిజం.
- Nicol_prism sameAs Призма_Ніколя.
- Nicol_prism sameAs Q1343878.
- Nicol_prism wasDerivedFrom Nicol_prism?oldid=703075779.
- Nicol_prism depiction Nicol_prism.svg.
- Nicol_prism isPrimaryTopicOf Nicol_prism.