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- Naked_cuticle abstract "Naked cuticle (Nkd) is a conserved family of intracellular proteins encoded in most animal genomes. The original mutants were discovered by 1995 Nobel laureates Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard and Eric F. Wieschaus and colleagues in their genetic screens for pattern-formation mutants in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The Nkd gene family was first cloned in the laboratory of Matthew P. Scott. Like many cleverly named fly mutants, the name \"naked cuticle\" derives from the fact that mutants lack most of the hair-like protrusions from their ventral cuticle and thus appear \"naked\".In Drosophila, nkd is a segment–polarity class gene that limits the spatial extent of Wnt signaling pathway activity, similar to how the Patched (Ptc) gene regulates the Hedgehog signaling pathway; i.e., Nkd and Ptc shape tissue gradients of Wnt and Hedgehog signaling. Nkd was linked to Wnt signaling based on expansion of Wnt signaling in nkd mutants, by overexpression of Nkd mimicking loss of Wnt signaling, and by the binding of Nkd protein to the Wnt signal transducing protein Dishevelled (Dsh).Nkd proteins consist of at least four well-conserved blocks of amino acid sequence interspersed by variable regions. The conserved sequence blocks, from N-terminal to C-terminal, are as follows: 1) a N-terminal membrane anchoring motif, which in mammals is subject to myristoylation; 2) a single, extended EF hand motif (called \"EFX\" or \"NH2\") that binds Dsh/Dvl proteins; 3) a thirty amino acid amphipathic alpha helix motif that in the fly Nkd protein mediates nuclear translocation and that in the human Nkd1 protein interferes with the interaction between the EF-hand motif and Dvl proteins; and 4) a C-terminal Histidine-rich sequence of unknown function. Vertebrate (and invertebrate) Nkd proteins have additional regions of homology that presumably mediate specific protein functions. For example, Nkd2 but not Nkd1 associates with the secreted EGF-family ligand TGF alpha via a sequence between the third and fourth block that is only in Nkd2, and a sequence between the third and fourth block that is highly conserved in Drosophila species but is neither present in the more distantly related mosquito Anopheles gambiae Nkd nor in any known vertebrate Nkds mediates nuclear import via binding to the nuclear import factor importin-alpha3.There are two Nkd proteins (Nkd1 and Nkd2) in most vertebrates including humans, but some lower vertebrates have additional Nkd proteins (e.g. Nkd3 in zebrafish). Mice with a mutant Nkd1 protein had a mild sperm maturation defect, but mice lacking both Nkd1 and Nkd2 were viable without obvious sperm defects. In zebrafish, Nkd genes regulate Wnt signaling.The mRNA transcription of Nkd genes is inducible by Wnt signaling in diverse animals, such that nkd expression is a readout of Wnt activity. Since Nkd inhibits Wnt signaling, the Nkd genes comprise a negative feedback mechanism.".
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageID "30857425".
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageLength "7387".
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageOutDegree "25".
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageRevisionID "605126802".
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Alpha_helix.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Amphiphile.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Anopheles_gambiae.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Category:Developmental_genes_and_proteins.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Christiane_Nüsslein-Volhard.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Dishevelled.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Drosophila_melanogaster.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink EF_hand.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Epidermal_growth_factor.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Eric_F._Wieschaus.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Genome.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Gradient.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Hedgehog_signaling_pathway.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Histidine.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Importin.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Matthew_P._Scott.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Mosquito.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Myristoylation.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Naked_cuticle_1.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Naked_cuticle_2.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Negative_feedback.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Patched.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Segment_polarity_gene.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink TGF_alpha.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLink Wnt_signaling_pathway.
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageWikiLinkText "Naked cuticle".
- Naked_cuticle wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
- Naked_cuticle subject Category:Developmental_genes_and_proteins.
- Naked_cuticle hypernym Family.
- Naked_cuticle comment "Naked cuticle (Nkd) is a conserved family of intracellular proteins encoded in most animal genomes. The original mutants were discovered by 1995 Nobel laureates Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard and Eric F. Wieschaus and colleagues in their genetic screens for pattern-formation mutants in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The Nkd gene family was first cloned in the laboratory of Matthew P. Scott.".
- Naked_cuticle label "Naked cuticle".
- Naked_cuticle sameAs Q6960520.
- Naked_cuticle sameAs m.0gg71l_.
- Naked_cuticle sameAs Q6960520.
- Naked_cuticle wasDerivedFrom Naked_cuticle?oldid=605126802.
- Naked_cuticle isPrimaryTopicOf Naked_cuticle.