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- Muscle_spindle abstract "Muscle spindles are sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle that primarily detect changes in the length of this muscle. They convey length information to the central nervous system via sensory neurons. This information can be processed by the brain to determine the position of body parts. The responses of muscle spindles to changes in length also play an important role in regulating the contraction of muscles, by activating motoneurons via the stretch reflex to resist muscle stretch.Muscle spindles are found within the belly of muscles, embedded in extrafusal muscle fibers. Note that \"fusus\" is the Latin word for spindle. Muscle spindles are composed of 3-12 intrafusal muscle fibers, of which there are three types: dynamic nuclear bag fibers (bag1 fibers) static nuclear bag fibers (bag2 fibers) nuclear chain fibers and the axons of sensory neurons.Axons of gamma motoneurons also terminate in muscle spindles; they make synapses at either or both of the ends of the intrafusal muscle fibers and regulate the sensitivity of the sensory afferents, which are located in the non-contractile central (equatorial) region.Muscle spindles are encapsulated by connective tissue, and are aligned parallel to extrafusal muscle fibers, unlike Golgi tendon organs, which are oriented in series.The muscle spindle has both sensory and motor components. Primary and secondary sensory nerve fibers spiral around and terminate on the central portions of the intrafusal muscle fibers, providing the sensory component of the structure via stretch-sensitive ion-channels of the axons. In mammals including humans, the motor component is provided by up to a dozen gamma motoneurons and to a lesser extent by one or two beta motoneurons. Gamma and beta motoneurons are called fusimotor neurons, because they activate the intrafusal muscle fibers. Gamma motoneurons innervate only intrafusal muscle fibers, whereas beta motoneurons innervate both extrafusal and intrafusal muscle fibers and so are referred to as skeletofusimotor neurons.Fusimotor drive causes a contraction and stiffening of the end portions of the intrafusal muscle fibers.Fusimotor neurons are classified as static or dynamic according to the type of intrafusal muscle fibers they innervate and their physiological effects on the responses of the Ia and II sensory neurons innervating the central, non-contractile part of the muscle spindle. The static axons innervate the chain or bag2 fibers. They increase the firing rate of Ia and II afferents at a given muscle length (see schematic of fusimotor action below). The dynamic axons innervate the bag1 intrafusal muscle fibers. They increase the stretch-sensitivity of the Ia afferents by stiffening the bag1 intrafusal fibers.↑".
- Muscle_spindle thumbnail Muscle_spindle_model.jpg?width=300.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageExternalLink index.php?title=Spastic_paralysis&redirect=no.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageExternalLink research_interactive_receptor_model.html.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageID "545782".
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageLength "10884".
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageOutDegree "53".
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageRevisionID "708091819".
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Acetylcholine.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Action_potential.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Alpha_motor_neuron.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Axon.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Beta_motor_neuron.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Category:Sensory_systems.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Central_nervous_system.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Developmental_psychology.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Extrafusal_muscle_fiber.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Gamma_motor_neuron.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Golgi_tendon_organ.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Hypertonia.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Interneuron.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Intrafusal_muscle_fiber.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Ion.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Ion_channel.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Motor_neuron.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Muscle.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Muscle_contraction.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_bag_fiber.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_chain_fiber.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink PNF_stretching.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Parallel_(geometry).
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Piagets_theory_of_cognitive_development.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Proprioception.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Reflex_arc.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Resting_potential.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Sensory_neuron.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Sensory_receptor.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Sodium.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Spastic_hypertonus.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Spinal_cord.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Stretch_reflex.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Stroke.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Synapse.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Terminologia_Histologica.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Type_II_sensory_fiber.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink Type_Ia_sensory_fiber.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink File:Muscle_Spindle_LM_HE_stain.jpg.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLink File:Muscle_spindle_model.jpg.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLinkText "Group III afferent".
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLinkText "Muscle spindle".
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLinkText "muscle spindels".
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLinkText "muscle spindle".
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLinkText "muscles".
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLinkText "several theories".
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageWikiLinkText "stretch receptors".
- Muscle_spindle code "TH H3.11.06.0.00018".
- Muscle_spindle latin "fusus neuromuscularis".
- Muscle_spindle name "Muscle spindle".
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:For.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_anatomy.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:MeSH_name.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Muscle_tissue.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Somatosensory_system.
- Muscle_spindle subject Category:Sensory_systems.
- Muscle_spindle hypernym Receptors.
- Muscle_spindle type AnatomicalStructure.
- Muscle_spindle type Protein.
- Muscle_spindle type Thing.
- Muscle_spindle type Q4936952.
- Muscle_spindle comment "Muscle spindles are sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle that primarily detect changes in the length of this muscle. They convey length information to the central nervous system via sensory neurons. This information can be processed by the brain to determine the position of body parts.".
- Muscle_spindle label "Muscle spindle".
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Q1414096.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Fus_muscular.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Svalové_vřeténko.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Muskelspindel.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Huso_neuromuscular.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs دوک_ماهیچهای.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Lihaskäämi.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Fuseau_neuromusculaire.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs כישור_השריר.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Fuso_neuromuscolare.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Spierspoeltjes.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Wrzecionko_nerwowo-mięśniowe.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Fuso_muscular.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs m.02nnmj.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Нервно-мышечное_веретено.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Muskelspole.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Q1414096.
- Muscle_spindle wasDerivedFrom Muscle_spindle?oldid=708091819.
- Muscle_spindle depiction Muscle_spindle_model.jpg.
- Muscle_spindle isPrimaryTopicOf Muscle_spindle.
- Muscle_spindle name "Muscle spindle".