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- Multilateral_Force abstract "The Multilateral Force (MLF) was an American proposal to produce a fleet of ballistic missile submarines and warships, each manned by international NATO crews, and armed with multiple nuclear-armed Polaris ballistic missiles. The proposal was floated by the Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson administrations.The proposal was inspired by the complaints of NATO countries that the nuclear defense of Europe was beholden to the Americans, who held the bulk of nuclear capability. The result would be a fleet of warships manned and operated by NATO command, instead of an assortment of independent forces ultimately under their own domestic banners. In this way, other NATO powers were theoretically ensured an active role in European defense.The idea of using surface ships as part of the force received criticism in Europe, who felt that surface ships would be vulnerable to attack, while a wholly submarine force would be more difficult to eliminate. President Kennedy argued that using only submarines would defeat the purpose of minimizing American control of the force, as the United States was the primary power capable of building the requisite number of submarines and training their crews. Including surface vessels would allow for greater European involvement in both construction and training, argued Kennedy, who also dismissed the notion that an entire pan-Europe nuclear-armed fleet could be eliminated before any of them could commit retaliatory strikes.The proposal eventually fell flat when American and European differences over basing strategies and financing could not be reconciled. The Italian cruiser Giuseppe Garibaldi was actually refitted with four launchers for Polaris missiles. Despite the successful launching tests, the U.S. never went ahead with the MLF. Instead the Italian government set out to develop an indigenous missile, called Alfa, with a successful program, officially halted by Italian Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ratification.The prospect of having Germany in the Multilateral Force was mocked by Tom Lehrer in the satirical song \"MLF Lullaby\".".
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageExternalLink 003POFO5Pressconference51_03061963.htm.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageExternalLink JFK+Library+Releases+1963+White+House+Recordings.htm.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageExternalLink A157573.html.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageExternalLink present-at-the-undoing.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageExternalLink watch?v=wB7PRY1Aqds.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageID "1163956".
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageLength "4260".
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageOutDegree "26".
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageRevisionID "671370518".
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Alfa_(rocket).
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Ballistic_missile_submarine.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Category:Cold_War.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Category:NATO_relations.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Dwight_D._Eisenhower.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Europe.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Germany.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Greece.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Italian_cruiser_Giuseppe_Garibaldi_(1936).
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Italy.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink John_F._Kennedy.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Lyndon_B._Johnson.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink NATO.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Netherlands.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_weapon.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Paul_Nitze.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Submarine.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Tom_Lehrer.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Turkey.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink UGM-27_Polaris.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink United_Kingdom.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink United_States.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink Warship.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLink West_Germany.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLinkText "Multilateral Force".
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLinkText "Multilateral Nuclear Force".
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLinkText "multi-national manned ship".
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageWikiLinkText "multilateral nuclear force".
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:More_footnotes.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Multilateral_Force wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:USS.
- Multilateral_Force subject Category:Cold_War.
- Multilateral_Force subject Category:NATO_relations.
- Multilateral_Force hypernym Proposal.
- Multilateral_Force type Aircraft.
- Multilateral_Force type Relation.
- Multilateral_Force type War.
- Multilateral_Force comment "The Multilateral Force (MLF) was an American proposal to produce a fleet of ballistic missile submarines and warships, each manned by international NATO crews, and armed with multiple nuclear-armed Polaris ballistic missiles. The proposal was floated by the Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson administrations.The proposal was inspired by the complaints of NATO countries that the nuclear defense of Europe was beholden to the Americans, who held the bulk of nuclear capability.".
- Multilateral_Force label "Multilateral Force".
- Multilateral_Force sameAs Q1952374.
- Multilateral_Force sameAs Multilateral_Force.
- Multilateral_Force sameAs 多角的核戦力.
- Multilateral_Force sameAs m.04cmmx.
- Multilateral_Force sameAs Q1952374.
- Multilateral_Force wasDerivedFrom Multilateral_Force?oldid=671370518.
- Multilateral_Force isPrimaryTopicOf Multilateral_Force.