Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Membrane_potential> ?p ?o }
- Membrane_potential abstract "Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of \"molecular devices\" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.".
- Membrane_potential thumbnail Basis_of_Membrane_Potential2.png?width=300.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageExternalLink www.nernstgoldman.physiology.arizona.edu.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageExternalLink electrochemical_driving_force_calculator.html.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageExternalLink ghk_equation_calculator.html.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageExternalLink nernst_potential_calculator.html.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageExternalLink mempot.html.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageID "563161".
- Membrane_potential wikiPageLength "53988".
- Membrane_potential wikiPageOutDegree "148".
- Membrane_potential wikiPageRevisionID "707547086".
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink AMPA_receptor.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Action_potential.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Active_transport.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Adenosine_triphosphate.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Algae.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Andrew_Huxley.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Apoptosis.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Axon_terminal.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Battery_(electricity).
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Bioelectrochemistry.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Calcium.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Calliphoridae.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Capacitor.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Category:Cell_communication.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Category:Cell_signaling.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Category:Cellular_neuroscience.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Category:Cellular_processes.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Category:Contractile_cells.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Category:Electrochemistry.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Category:Electrophysiology.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Category:Membrane_biology.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Category:Nervous_system.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Category:Potentials.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Cell_(biology).
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Cell_membrane.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_synapse.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Chloride.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Conservative_vector_field.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Coulomb.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Depolarization.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Diffusion.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Egg_cell.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Electric_field.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Electric_potential.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Electrical_breakdown.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Electrochemical_potential.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Elementary_charge.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Equivalent_circuit.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Eukaryote.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Excitatory_postsynaptic_potential.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Extracellular.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Facilitated_diffusion.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Faraday_constant.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Fertilisation.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink GABAA_receptor.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Gas_constant.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Gland.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Glutamic_acid.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Goldman_equation.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Gradient.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Ground_(electricity).
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Hyperpolarization_(biology).
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Inhibitory_postsynaptic_potential.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Integral_membrane_protein.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Intracellular.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Ion.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Ion_channel.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Ion_transporter.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Joule.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Kelvin.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Ligand-gated_ion_channel.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Ligand_(biochemistry).
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Lipid_bilayer.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Magnesium.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Membrane_biophysics.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Membrane_potential.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Mitochondrion.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Mole_(unit).
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Multielectrode_array.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Myocyte.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink K+-ATPase.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Nernst_equation.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Neuron.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Neurotransmitter.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Neurotransmitter_receptor.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Ohms_law.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Ouabain.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Passive_transport.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Postsynaptic_potential.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Potassium.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Potential_energy.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Protein_structure.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink RC_circuit.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Rectifier.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Resistor.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Resting_potential.
- Membrane_potential wikiPageWikiLink Reversal_potential.