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- Medes abstract "The Medes (/miːdz/, Old Persian Māda-, Ancient Greek: Μῆδοι, Hebrew: מָדַי) were an ancient Iranian people who lived in an area known as Media (Northwestern Iran) and who spoke the Median language. Their arrival to the region is associated with the first wave of migrating Iranic Aryan tribes into Ancient Iran from the late 2nd millennium BCE (circa 1000 BC) (the Bronze Age collapse) through the beginning of the 1st millennium BCE (circa 900 BC).This period of migration coincided with a power vacuum in the Near East, with the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365–1020 BC) which had dominated northwestern Iran and eastern Anatolia and the Caucasus going into a comparative decline, allowing new peoples to pass through and settle. In addition, Elam, the dominant power in Ancient Iran was suffering a period of severe weakness, as was Babylonia to the west.From the 10th to late 7th centuries BCE, the western parts of Media fell under the domination of the vast Neo-Assyrian Empire based in northern Mesopotamia, but which stretched from Cyprus to Ancient Iran, and from the Caucasus to Egypt and Arabia. Assyrian kings such as Tiglath-Pileser III, Sargon II, Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, Ashurbanipal and Ashur-etil-ilani imposed Vassal Treaties upon the Median rulers, and also protected them from predatory raids by marauding Scythian and Cimmerian hordes.During the reign of Sinsharishkun (622–612 BC) the Assyrian empire, which had been in a state of constant civil war since 626 BC, began to unravel. Subject peoples, such as the Medes, Babylonians, Chaldeans, Egyptians, Scythians, Cimmerians, Lydians and Arameans quietly ceased to pay tribute to Assyria.An alliance with the Medes and rebelling Babylonians, Scythians, Chaldeans, and Cimmerians, helped the Medes to capture Nineveh in 612 BCE, which resulted in the eventual collapse of the Neo-Assyrian Empire by 605 BC. The Medes were subsequently able to establish their Median kingdom (with Ecbatana as their royal centre) beyond their original homeland and had eventually a territory stretching roughly from northeastern Iran to the Halys River in Anatolia. After the fall of the Assyrian Empire, between 616 BCE and 605 BCE, a unified Median state was formed, which, together with Babylonia, Lydia, and Egypt, became one of the four major powers of the ancient Near East. The Median kingdom was conquered in 550 BCE by Cyrus the Great, who established the Iranian dynasty—the Persian Achaemenid Empire. However, nowadays there is considerable doubt whether a united Median empire ever existed. There is no archaeological evidence and the story of Herodotus is not supported by Assyrian and Babylonian sources.A few archaeological sites (discovered in the \"Median triangle\" in western Iran) and textual sources (from contemporary Assyrians and also Greeks in later centuries) provide a brief documentation of the history and culture of the Median state. The Medes had almost the same equipment as the Persians and indeed the dress common to both is not so much Persian as Median. Apart from a few personal names, the language of the Medes is almost entirely unknown. However a number of words from the Median language are still in use, and there are languages being geographically and comparatively traced to the northwestern Iranian language of Median. The Medes had an Ancient Iranian Religion (a form of pre-Zoroastrian Mazdaism or Mithra worshipping) with a priesthood named as \"Magi\". Later and during the reigns of the last Median kings, the reforms of Zarathustra spread in western Iran.Besides Ecbatana (modern Hamedan), the other cities existing in Media were Laodicea (modern Nahavand) and the mound that was the largest city of the Medes, Rhages (also called Rey), on the outskirts of Shahr Rey, south of Tehran. The fourth city of Media was Apamea, near Ecbatana, whose precise location is unknown. In later periods, Medes and especially Mede soldiers are identified and portrayed prominently in ancient Persian archaeological sites such as Persepolis, where they are shown to have a major role and presence in the military of the Persian Empire's Achaemenid dynasty.According to the Histories of Herodotus, there were six Median tribes:Thus Deioces collected the Medes into a nation, and ruled over them alone. Now these are the tribes of which they consist: the Busae, the Paretaceni, the Struchates, the Arizanti, the Budii, and the Magi.The six Median tribes resided in Media proper, the triangle between Ecbatana, Rhagae and Aspadana, in today's central Iran, the area between Tehran, Isfahan and Hamadan. Of the Median tribes, the Magi resided in Rhaga, modern Tehran. It was a sort of sacred caste, which ministered to the spiritual needs of the Medes. The Paretaceni tribe resided in and around Aspadana, modern Isfahan, the Arizanti lived in and around Kashan and the Busae tribe lived in and around the future Median capital of Ecbatana, modern Hamadan. The Struchates and the Budii lived in villages in the Median triangle.".
- Medes capital Ecbatana.
- Medes capital Hamadan.
- Medes dissolutionYear "-0549".
- Medes foundingYear "-0678".
- Medes thumbnail Map_of_Assyria.png?width=300.
- Medes wikiPageExternalLink median.php.
- Medes wikiPageExternalLink extract?id=chol9780521228046_CHOL9780521228046A002.
- Medes wikiPageExternalLink article-9051719.
- Medes wikiPageExternalLink media.
- Medes wikiPageID "103030".
- Medes wikiPageLength "50682".
- Medes wikiPageOutDegree "229".
- Medes wikiPageRevisionID "707672700".
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink 610s_BC.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Achaemenid_Empire.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Alvand.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Anatolia.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Egypt.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Greek.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Near_East.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Apamea_(Media).
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Arabian_Peninsula.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Arameans.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Arcadocypriot_Greek.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Ariana.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Armenia.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Aryan.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Aryan_race.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Ashur-etil-ilani.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Ashurbanipal.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Assyria.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Assyrian_people.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Astyages.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Athens.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Avestan.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Baba_Jan,_East_Azerbaijan.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Babylon.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Babylonia.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Bactria.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Behistun_Inscription.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Bronze_Age.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Category:1st-millennium_BC_disestablishments_in_Iran.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Category:1st-millennium_BC_establishments_in_Iran.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Category:549_BC_in_Iran.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Category:6th-century_BC_disestablishments_in_Asia.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Category:7th_century_BC_in_Iran.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Category:Ancient_Near_East.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Category:Cyrus_the_Great.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Armenia.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Azerbaijan.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Turkey.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_the_Caucasus.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Category:Medes.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Category:States_and_territories_disestablished_in_the_6th_century_BC.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Category:States_and_territories_established_in_the_7th_century_BC.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Category:Urartu.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Caucasus.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Chaldea.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Chehel_Sotoun.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Cimmerians.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Classical_Latin.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Colchis.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Comparative_method_(linguistics).
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Cyaxares.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Cyprus.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Cyrus_the_Great.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Dasht-e_Kavir.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink David_Neil_MacKenzie.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink David_Stronach.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Deioces.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Ecbatana.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Egypt.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Egyptians.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Elam.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Elamite_language.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Ellipi.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Esarhaddon.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Geographica.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Gernot_Windfuhr.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Godin_Tepe.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Greater_Iran.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Greeks.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Hamadan.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Harhar.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Herodotus.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Histories_(Herodotus).
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink History_of_Iran.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Igor_M._Diakonoff.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Iran.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Iranian_Plateau.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Iranian_languages.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Iranian_peoples.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Iron_Age.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Isfahan.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Kashan.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Kashtariti.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Kurdish_languages.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Kurds.
- Medes wikiPageWikiLink Kızılırmak_River.