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- Maria_Theresa abstract "Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (German: Maria Theresia [maˈʁiːa teˈʁeːzi̯a]; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Transylvania, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma. By marriage, she was Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress.She started her 40-year reign when her father, Emperor Charles VI, died in October 1740. Charles VI paved the way for her accession with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and spent his entire reign securing it. Upon the death of her father, Saxony, Prussia, Bavaria, and France all repudiated the sanction they had recognised during his lifetime. Prussia proceeded to invade the affluent Habsburg province of Silesia, sparking a nine-year conflict known as the War of the Austrian Succession, and subsequently conquered it. Maria Theresa would later unsuccessfully try to reconquer Silesia during the Seven Years' War.Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, had sixteen children, including the Queen of France, the Queen of Naples and Sicily, the Duchess of Parma and two Holy Roman Emperors, Joseph II and Leopold II. Out of the sixteen, nine or ten of them did not make it to adulthood. She had eleven daughters and five sons. Though she was expected to cede power to Francis and Joseph, both of whom were officially her co-rulers in Austria and Bohemia, Maria Theresa was the absolute sovereign who ruled by the counsel of her advisers. She criticised and disapproved of many of Joseph's actions. Although she is considered to have been intellectually inferior to both Joseph and Leopold, Maria Theresa understood the importance of her public persona and was able to simultaneously evoke both esteem and affection from her subjects.Maria Theresa promulgated financial and educational reforms, with the assistance of Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz and Gerard van Swieten, promoted commerce and the development of agriculture, and reorganised Austria's ramshackle military, all of which strengthened Austria's international standing. However, she refused to allow religious toleration and contemporaneous travellers thought her regime was bigoted and superstitious. As a young monarch who fought two dynastic wars, she believed that her cause should be the cause of her subjects, but in her later years she would believe that their cause must be hers.".
- Maria_Theresa activeYearsEndYear "1745".
- Maria_Theresa activeYearsStartYear "1745".
- Maria_Theresa birthDate "1717-05-13".
- Maria_Theresa birthPlace Archduchy_of_Austria.
- Maria_Theresa birthPlace Hofburg_Palace.
- Maria_Theresa birthPlace Holy_Roman_Empire.
- Maria_Theresa birthPlace Vienna.
- Maria_Theresa deathDate "1780-11-29".
- Maria_Theresa deathPlace Archduchy_of_Austria.
- Maria_Theresa deathPlace Hofburg_Palace.
- Maria_Theresa deathPlace Holy_Roman_Empire.
- Maria_Theresa deathPlace Vienna.
- Maria_Theresa parent Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Maria_Theresa parent Elisabeth_Christine_of_Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
- Maria_Theresa restingPlace Imperial_Crypt.
- Maria_Theresa restingPlace Vienna.
- Maria_Theresa spouse Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Maria_Theresa thumbnail Kaiserin_Maria_Theresia_(HRR).jpg?width=300.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageExternalLink 09662d.htm.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageExternalLink mariatheres.html.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageExternalLink children.html.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageExternalLink 000085899.
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- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink 295_Theresia.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Abraham_Mendel_Theben.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Age_of_Enlightenment.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Albert_Casimir,_Duke_of_Teschen.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Anointing_of_the_Sick_(Catholic_Church).
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Anthony_Ulrich,_Duke_of_Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Antisemitism.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Antonia_Fraser.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Archduchess_Maria_Amalia_of_Austria.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Archduchess_Maria_Amalia_of_Austria_(1724-1730).
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Archduchess_Maria_Anna_of_Austria_(1738–1789).
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Archduchess_Maria_Anna_of_Austria_(governor).
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Archduchess_Maria_Carolina_of_Austria_(1740–1741).
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Archduchess_Maria_Carolina_of_Austria_(1748).
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Archduchess_Maria_Elisabeth_of_Austria_(1737–1740).
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Archduchess_Maria_Elisabeth_of_Austria_(1743–1808).
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Archduchess_Maria_Johanna_Gabriela_of_Austria.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Archduchess_Maria_Josepha_of_Austria.
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- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Archduke_Charles_Joseph_of_Austria_(1745–1761).
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- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Augustus_the_Younger,_Duke_of_Brunswick-Lüneburg.
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- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Austro-Russian–Turkish_War_(1735–39).
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Baroque.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Chotusitz.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Kolín.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Krefeld.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Lobositz.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Mollwitz.
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- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Bosnia_Eyalet.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Bratislava.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink By_the_Grace_of_God.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:1717_births.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:1780_deaths.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:18th-century_House_of_Habsburg.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:18th-century_female_rulers.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Austrian_princesses.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Burials_at_the_Imperial_Crypt.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Countesses_of_Flanders.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Countesses_of_Hainaut.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Duchesses_of_Brabant.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Duchesses_of_Limburg.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Duchesses_of_Lorraine.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Duchesses_of_Luxembourg.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Duchesses_of_Milan.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Duchesses_of_Parma.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Duchesses_of_Teschen.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Dukes_of_Guastalla.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Dukes_of_Parma.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:German_queens_consort.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Grand_Duchesses_of_Tuscany.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Grand_Masters_of_the_Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Grand_Mistresses_of_the_Order_of_the_Starry_Cross.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Holy_Roman_Empresses.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Italian_queens_consort.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:People_from_Vienna.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Queens_regnant_of_Hungary.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Rulers_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Smallpox_survivors.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Women_who_have_been_crowned_king.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Catherine_the_Great.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Catholic_Church.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Charles_Emmanuel_III_of_Sardinia.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Charles_III_of_Spain.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Charles_Louis_Auguste_Fouquet,_duc_de_Belle-Isle.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageWikiLink Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.