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- Manganese abstract "Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in combination with iron, and in many minerals. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.Historically, manganese is named for various black minerals (such as pyrolusite) from the same region of Magnesia in Greece which gave names to similar-sounding magnesium, Mg, and magnetite, an ore of the element iron, Fe. By the mid-18th century, Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele had used pyrolusite to produce chlorine. Scheele and others were aware that pyrolusite (now known to be manganese dioxide) contained a new element, but they were unable to isolate it. Johan Gottlieb Gahn was the first to isolate an impure sample of manganese metal in 1774, by reducing the dioxide with carbon.Manganese phosphating is used as a treatment for rust and corrosion prevention on steel. Depending on their oxidation state, manganese ions have various colors and are used industrially as pigments. The permanganates of alkali and alkaline earth metals are powerful oxidizers. Manganese dioxide is used as the cathode (electron acceptor) material in zinc-carbon and alkaline batteries.In biology, manganese(II) ions function as cofactors for a large variety of enzymes with many functions. Manganese enzymes are particularly essential in detoxification of superoxide free radicals in organisms that must deal with elemental oxygen. Manganese also functions in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosynthetic plants. The element is a required trace mineral for all known living organisms but is a neurotoxin. In larger amounts, and apparently with far greater effectiveness through inhalation, it can cause a poisoning syndrome in mammals, with neurological damage which is sometimes irreversible.".
- Manganese thumbnail Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg?width=300.
- Manganese wikiPageExternalLink manganese.
- Manganese wikiPageExternalLink IOM_TM1004.pdf.
- Manganese wikiPageExternalLink www.manganese.org.
- Manganese wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Manganese wikiPageExternalLink 025.htm.
- Manganese wikiPageID "19051".
- Manganese wikiPageLength "60277".
- Manganese wikiPageOutDegree "292".
- Manganese wikiPageRevisionID "708200946".
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Alcohol.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Alkali_metal.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Alkaline_battery.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Alkaline_earth_metal.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Alloy.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Aluminium.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Aluminium_alloy.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Arginase.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Aromaticity.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Astrocyte.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_mass_unit.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_number.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Barium_permanganate.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Battery_(electricity).
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Beta_decay.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Beverage_can.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Bleach.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Blood–brain_barrier.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Braunite.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Brodie_helmet.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Carbon.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Category:Biology_and_pharmacology_of_chemical_elements.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Category:Chemical_elements.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Category:Deoxidizers.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Category:Dietary_minerals.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Category:Manganese.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Category:Occupational_safety_and_health.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Category:Reducing_agents.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Category:Transition_metals.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Cathode.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Central_Intelligence_Agency.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_element.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Chemist.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Chlorine.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Chloroplast.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Chromium.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Cofactor_(biochemistry).
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Copper.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Cosmic_ray.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Crust_(geology).
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink DMT1.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Deoxidized_steel.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Depolarizer.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Developmental_disability.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Dietary_Reference_Intake.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Dimanganese_decacarbonyl.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Diphtheria_toxin.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Disproportionation.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Dollar_coin_(United_States).
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Drinking_water.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Electron_capture.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Electrowinning.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Engine_knocking.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Enzyme.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Esophagus.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Ferromanganese.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Ferroportin.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink File:Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Free_element.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink GSF_Explorer.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Gabon.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Galvanic_corrosion.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Gargas,_Haute-Garonne.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Gasoline.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Glutamic_acid.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Glutamine_synthetase.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink HIV.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Half-life.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Hotazel.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Howard_Hughes.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Hydrochloric_acid.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Hydrolase.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Hypochlorite.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Ignatius_Gottfried_Kaim.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Immediately_dangerous_to_life_or_health.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Institute_of_Occupational_Medicine.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Integrin.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Intelligence_quotient.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Ion.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Iron.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Iron_sulfide.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Isomerase.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Isotope.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Isotope_geochemistry.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Jahn–Teller_effect.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink James_Couper_(academic).
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Jefferson_nickel.
- Manganese wikiPageWikiLink Johan_Gottlieb_Gahn.