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- Los_Doce abstract "El Grupo de los Doce, or Group of Twelve, were a dozen members of the Nicaraguan establishment whose support for the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) against President Anastasio Somoza Debayle played a pivotal role in the acceptance of the Sandinistas by foreign and domestic opinion.During the 1970s, debates over strategy split the FSLN, with the Terceristas advocating alliances with the middle and upper class against Somoza. They approached twelve figures from Nicaragua's establishment class, some already secretly Sandinistas, to sign a communiqué in support of the FSLN. On October 18, 1977, following a Tercerista offensive, they issued a manifesto from Costa Rica urging that the Sandinistas must be included in any political process. Their support lent respectability to the Sandinista cause and helped convince many that the rebels were no longer doctrinaire communists.As Nicaragua moved into crisis following the assassination of Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, the Carter administration pressured Somoza to allow the return of Los Doce. Upon their return on July 5, 1978, tens of thousands lined the streets to welcome them. Members would participate in the Broad Opposition Front (FAO) with other internal opponents of Somoza.The twelve comprised: Sergio Ramírez Mercado - writer, FSLN memberArturo Cruz Porras - official at the Inter-American Development BankCarlos Tūnnerman Bernheim - university rectorMiguel D'Escoto Brockmann - Maryknoll priest, official at the World Council of Churches, secret Sandinista memberJoaquín Cuadra Chamorro - prominent corporate lawyer, whose son, Joaquín Cuadra Lacayo, had joined the FSLNFelipe Mántica Abaunza - owner of a supermarket chain, left the group before Somoza's overthrowRicardo Coronel Kautz - plantation owner, son of writer José Coronel UrtechoFernando Cardenal Martínez - a Jesuit priest who, like his brother, Ernesto Cardenal, had secretly joined the FSLNEmilio Baltodano Pallais - businessmanErnesto Castillo Martínez - lawyerCarlos Gutiérrez Sotelo - dental surgeonCasimiro Sotelo Rodríguez - architect.".
- Los_Doce wikiPageExternalLink v=onepage&q=%22El%20Grupo%20de%20los%20Doce%22&f=false.
- Los_Doce wikiPageID "7538867".
- Los_Doce wikiPageLength "2821".
- Los_Doce wikiPageOutDegree "16".
- Los_Doce wikiPageRevisionID "704120951".
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLink Anastasio_Somoza_Debayle.
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLink Arturo_Cruz.
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLink Category:Nicaraguan_Revolution.
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLink Category:Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front.
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLink Ernesto_Cardenal.
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLink Inter-American_Development_Bank.
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLink Joaquín_Cuadra.
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLink José_Coronel_Urtecho.
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLink Maryknoll.
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLink Miguel_dEscoto_Brockmann.
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLink Nicaragua.
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLink Pedro_Joaquín_Chamorro_Cardenal.
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLink Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front.
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLink Sergio_Ramírez.
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLink Society_of_Jesus.
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLink World_Council_of_Churches.
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLinkText "Group of Twelve".
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLinkText "Los Doce".
- Los_Doce wikiPageWikiLinkText "los Doce".
- Los_Doce wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_book.
- Los_Doce wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Nicaragua-stub.
- Los_Doce wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:No_footnotes.
- Los_Doce wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Los_Doce subject Category:Nicaraguan_Revolution.
- Los_Doce subject Category:Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front.
- Los_Doce hypernym Members.
- Los_Doce type Organization.
- Los_Doce type Organization.
- Los_Doce comment "El Grupo de los Doce, or Group of Twelve, were a dozen members of the Nicaraguan establishment whose support for the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) against President Anastasio Somoza Debayle played a pivotal role in the acceptance of the Sandinistas by foreign and domestic opinion.During the 1970s, debates over strategy split the FSLN, with the Terceristas advocating alliances with the middle and upper class against Somoza.".
- Los_Doce label "Los Doce".
- Los_Doce sameAs Q6682674.
- Los_Doce sameAs m.0264ssg.
- Los_Doce sameAs Q6682674.
- Los_Doce wasDerivedFrom Los_Doce?oldid=704120951.
- Los_Doce isPrimaryTopicOf Los_Doce.