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- Levinthals_paradox abstract "Levinthal's paradox is a thought experiment, also constituting a self-reference in the theory of protein folding. In 1969, Cyrus Levinthal noted that, because of the very large number of degrees of freedom in an unfolded polypeptide chain, the molecule has an astronomical number of possible conformations. An estimate of 3300 or 10143 was made in one of his papers. (Often incorrectly cited as a 1968 paper.) For example, a polypeptide of 100 residues will have 99 peptide bonds, and therefore 198 different phi and psi bond angles. If each of these bond angles can be in one of three stable conformations, the protein may misfold into a maximum of 3198 different conformations (including any possible folding redundancy). Therefore, if a protein were to attain its correctly folded configuration by sequentially sampling all the possible conformations, it would require a time longer than the age of the universe to arrive at its correct native conformation. This is true even if conformations are sampled at rapid (nanosecond or picosecond) rates. The \"paradox\" is that most small proteins fold spontaneously on a millisecond or even microsecond time scale. The solution to this paradox has been established by computational approaches to protein structure prediction.Levinthal himself was aware that proteins fold spontaneously and on short timescales. He suggested that the paradox can be resolved if \"protein folding is sped up and guided by the rapid formation of local interactions which then determine the further folding of the peptide; this suggests local amino acid sequences which form stable interactions and serve as nucleation points in the folding process.\" Indeed, the protein folding intermediates and the partially folded transition states were experimentally detected, which explains the fast protein folding. This is also described as protein folding directed within funnel-like energy landscapes Some computational approaches to protein structure prediction have sought to identify and simulate the mechanism of protein folding.Levinthal also suggested that the native structure might have a higher energy, if the lowest energy was not kinetically accessible. An analogy is a rock tumbling down a hillside that lodges in a gully rather than reaching the base.".
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageExternalLink levinthal.html.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageExternalLink levinthal.html.
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- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageRevisionID "344554176".
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageRevisionID "707383366".
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Amino_acid.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Anfinsens_dogma.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Category:Physical_paradoxes.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Category:Protein_structure.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Category:Thought_experiments.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Chaperone_(protein).
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Cyrus_Levinthal.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Degrees_of_freedom_(physics_and_chemistry).
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Dihedral_angle.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Edward_Trifonov.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Folding_funnel.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Levinthals_paradox.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Nanosecond.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Nucleation.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Peptide.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Peptide_bond.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Picosecond.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Protein_folding.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Protein_structure_prediction.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Reaction_intermediate.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Self-reference.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Thought_experiment.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Transition_state.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLinkText "Levinthal's paradox".
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageWikiLinkText "astronomically large".
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:R_from_modification.
- Levinthals_paradox wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Levinthals_paradox subject Category:Physical_paradoxes.
- Levinthals_paradox subject Category:Protein_structure.
- Levinthals_paradox subject Category:Thought_experiments.
- Levinthals_paradox hypernym Experiment.
- Levinthals_paradox type Organisation.
- Levinthals_paradox type Biophysic.
- Levinthals_paradox type Redirect.
- Levinthals_paradox comment "Levinthal's paradox is a thought experiment, also constituting a self-reference in the theory of protein folding. In 1969, Cyrus Levinthal noted that, because of the very large number of degrees of freedom in an unfolded polypeptide chain, the molecule has an astronomical number of possible conformations. An estimate of 3300 or 10143 was made in one of his papers.".
- Levinthals_paradox label "Levinthal's paradox".
- Levinthals_paradox label "Levinthals paradox".
- Levinthals_paradox sameAs Q899017.
- Levinthals_paradox sameAs Paradoxa_de_Levinthal.
- Levinthals_paradox sameAs Levinthal-Paradox.
- Levinthals_paradox sameAs Paradoja_de_Levinthal.
- Levinthals_paradox sameAs Paradoxe_de_Levinthal.
- Levinthals_paradox sameAs Paradoxo_de_Levinthal.
- Levinthals_paradox sameAs פרדוקס_לוינתל.
- Levinthals_paradox sameAs Paradosso_di_Levinthal.
- Levinthals_paradox sameAs 레빈탈의_역설.
- Levinthals_paradox sameAs Levinthalparadox.
- Levinthals_paradox sameAs Paradoks_Levinthala.
- Levinthals_paradox sameAs m.02s0hy.
- Levinthals_paradox sameAs Парадокс_Левинталя.
- Levinthals_paradox sameAs Levinthals_paradox.
- Levinthals_paradox sameAs Q899017.
- Levinthals_paradox sameAs 利文索尔佯谬.
- Levinthals_paradox wasDerivedFrom Levinthals_paradox?oldid=344554176.
- Levinthals_paradox wasDerivedFrom Levinthals_paradox?oldid=707383366.
- Levinthals_paradox isPrimaryTopicOf Levinthals_paradox.