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- Lebanese_Civil_War abstract "The Lebanese Civil War (Arabic: الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية - Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 250 000 fatalities. As of 2012, approximately 76,000 people remain displaced within Lebanon. There was also an exodus of almost one million people from Lebanon as a result of the war.Before the war, Lebanon was multisectarian, with Sunnis Muslims and Christians being the majorities on the coastal cities, Shia Muslims being mainly based in the south and the Beqaa to the east, with the mountain populations being in their majority Druze and Christian. The government of Lebanon had been run under a significant influence of the elites among the Maronite Christians. The link between politics and religion had been reinforced under the mandate of the French colonial powers from 1920 to 1943, and the parliamentary structure favored a leading position for the Christians. However, the country had a large Muslim population and many pan-Arabist and left-wing groups opposed the pro-western government. The establishment of the state of Israel and the displacement of a hundred thousand Palestinian refugees to Lebanon during the 1948 and 1967 exoduses contributed to shifting the demographic balance in favor of the Muslim population. The Cold War had a powerful disintegrative effect on Lebanon, which was closely linked to the polarization that preceded the 1958 political crisis, since Maronites sided with the West while leftist and pan-Arab groups sided with Soviet-aligned Arab countries.Fighting between Maronite and Palestinian forces (mainly from the Palestine Liberation Organization) began in 1975, then Leftist, pan-Arabist and Muslim Lebanese groups formed an alliance with the Palestinians. During the course of the fighting, alliances shifted rapidly and unpredictably. Furthermore, foreign powers, such as Israel and Syria, became involved in the war and fought alongside different factions. Peace keeping forces, such as the Multinational Force in Lebanon & UNIFIL, were also stationed in Lebanon.The 1989 Taif Agreement marked the beginning of the end of the fighting. In January 1989, a committee appointed by the Arab League began to formulate solutions to the conflict. In March 1991, parliament passed an amnesty law that pardoned all political crimes prior to its enactment. In May 1991, the militias were dissolved, with the exception of Hezbollah, while the Lebanese Armed Forces began to slowly rebuild as Lebanon's only major non-sectarian institution. Religious tensions between Sunnis and Shias remained after the war.".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "( (from 1985)".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "(From 1980, mainlyIRGCparamilitary units)".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "(from 1978)".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "----".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "20pxAFL(until 1977)".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "22pxLF".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "Amal Movement".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "Arab Deterrent Force(1976–1987)".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "France".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "Hezbollah".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "Islamic Unification Movement(from 1982)".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "Jammoul(from 1982)".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "LAF".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "LNM(until 1982)".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "Marada Brigades(left LF in 1978; aligned with Syria)".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "Multinational Force in Lebanon(1982–1984)".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "PLO".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "SLA(from 1976)".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "Syria(1976, and from 1983)".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "Tigers Militia(until 1980)".
- Lebanese_Civil_War combatant "UNIFIL(from 1978)".
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Abbas_al-Musawi.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Ali_Eid.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Amine_Gemayel.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Antoine_Lahad.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Ariel_Sharon.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Assem_Qanso.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Bachir_Gemayel.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Communist_Action_Organization_in_Lebanon.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Dany_Chamoun.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Elias_Atallah.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Emmanuel_Erskine.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Etienne_Saqr.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander George_Habash.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander George_Hawi.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Georges_Adwan.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Gustav_Hägglund.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Hafez_al-Assad.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Ibrahim_Kulaylat.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Kamal_Jumblatt.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Menachem_Begin.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Michel_Aoun.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Mustafa_Tlass.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Nabih_Berri.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Saad_Haddad.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Samir_Geagea.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Suleiman_Frangieh.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Tony_Frangieh.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Walid_Jumblatt.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander William_Hawi.
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander William_OCallaghan_(Irish_Army_officer).
- Lebanese_Civil_War commander Yasser_Arafat.
- Lebanese_Civil_War date "1975-04-13".
- Lebanese_Civil_War date "2005-04-30".
- Lebanese_Civil_War notes "120,000–150,000 people killed".
- Lebanese_Civil_War place Lebanon.
- Lebanese_Civil_War result "**Christian 6:5 ascendancy replaced by 1:1 representation".
- Lebanese_Civil_War result "**Emergence ofHezbollah".
- Lebanese_Civil_War result "**Israeli-backedFree Lebanon State(1979-1983) fails and replaced byIsraeli Security Zone(referred as occupation)".
- Lebanese_Civil_War result "**Muslim prime-ministerial powers strengthened".
- Lebanese_Civil_War result "*PLO expulsion from Lebanon".
- Lebanese_Civil_War result "*Syrian occupationof most of Lebanon".
- Lebanese_Civil_War result "*Taif Agreement".
- Lebanese_Civil_War result "*conflictin South Lebanon".
- Lebanese_Civil_War thumbnail Martyrs_Square_1982.jpg?width=300.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink conflict-resolution.html.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink sans-titre-untitled.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink gallery.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink liberty05.com.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink lebwar.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink contents.htm.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink bourjhammoud.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink esau-49.pdf.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink civwr1.htm.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink 0,9171,907221,00.html?iid=chix-sphere.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink beyrut3.shtml.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageID "312905".
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageLength "95176".
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageOutDegree "536".
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageRevisionID "708299741".
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink 1860_Mount_Lebanon_civil_war.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink 1947–48_Civil_War_in_Mandatory_Palestine.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink 1948_Arab–Israeli_War.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink 1948_Palestinian_exodus.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink 1958_Lebanon_crisis.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink 1967_Palestinian_exodus.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink 1976_Arab_League_summit_(Riyadh).
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink 1978_South_Lebanon_conflict.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink 1982_Lebanon_War.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink 1983_Beirut_barracks_bombings.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink 1983_United_States_embassy_bombing.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink 1984_United_States_embassy_annex_bombing.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink 1991_Cannes_Film_Festival.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink Abbas_al-Musawi.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink Abu_Nidal_Organization.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink Achrafiye.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink Akkar_District.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink Al-Mourabitoun.
- Lebanese_Civil_War wikiPageWikiLink Al-Tanzim.