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- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation abstract "See also Kirchhoff's laws (disambiguation) for other laws named after Kirchhoff.In thermodynamics, Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation refers to wavelength-specific radiative emission and absorption by a material body in thermodynamic equilibrium, including radiative exchange equilibrium. A body at temperature T radiates electromagnetic energy. A perfect black body in thermodynamic equilibrium absorbs all light that strikes it, and radiates energy according to a unique law of radiative emissive power for temperature T, universal for all perfect black bodies. Kirchhoff's law states that:For a body of any arbitrary material emitting and absorbing thermal electromagnetic radiation at every wavelength in thermodynamic equilibrium, the ratio of its emissive power to its dimensionless coefficient of absorption is equal to a universal function only of radiative wavelength and temperature. That universal function describes the perfect black-body emissive power.Here, the dimensionless coefficient of absorption (or the absorptivity) is the fraction of incident light (power) that is absorbed by the body when it is radiating and absorbing in thermodynamic equilibrium. In slightly different terms, the emissive power of an arbitrary opaque body of fixed size and shape at a definite temperature can be described by a dimensionless ratio, sometimes called the emissivity, the ratio of the emissive power of the body to the emissive power of a black body of the same size and shape at the same fixed temperature. With this definition, Kirchhoff's law states:For an arbitrary body emitting and absorbing thermal radiation in thermodynamic equilibrium, the emissivity is equal to the absorptivity.In some cases, emissive power and absorptivity may be defined to depend on angle, as described below. The condition of thermodynamic equilibrium is necessary in the statement, because the equality of emissivity and absorptivity often does not hold when the material of the body is not in thermodynamic equilibrium.Kirchhoff's law has another corollary: the emissivity cannot exceed one (because the absorptivity cannot, by conservation of energy), so it is not possible to thermally radiate more energy than a black body, at equilibrium. In negative luminescence the angle and wavelength integrated absorption exceeds the material's emission, however, such systems are powered by an external source and are therefore not in thermodynamic equilibrium.Before Kirchhoff's law was recognized, it had been experimentally established that a good absorber is a good emitter, and a poor absorber is a poor emitter. Naturally, a good reflector must be a poor absorber. This is why, for example, lightweight emergency thermal blankets are based on reflective metallic coatings: they lose little heat by radiation.Kirchhoff's great insight was to recognize the universality and uniqueness of the function that describes the black body emissive power. But he did not precisely know the form or character of that universal function. It was eventually found precisely, in mathematical terms, by Planck in 1900.".
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- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageRevisionID "707039558".
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Absorbance.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Absorption_(electromagnetic_radiation).
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Annalen_der_Physik.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Balfour_Stewart.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Black_body.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Boundary_(topology).
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Electromagnetic_radiation.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Heat_transfer.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Conservation_of_energy.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Dover_Publications.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Emission_spectrum.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Emissivity.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Evgeny_Lifshitz.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Gustav_Kirchhoff.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Handbuch_der_Astrophysik.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Helmholtz_reciprocity.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Interior_(topology).
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Kirchhoffs_laws.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Lamberts_cosine_law.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Max_Planck.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Negative_luminescence.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Optical_coating.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Oxford_University_Press.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink P._Blakistons_Son_&_Co..
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Philosophical_Magazine.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Photon_gas.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Plancks_law.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Radiance.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Radiant_energy.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Refractive_index.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Sakuma–Hattori_equation.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Space_blanket.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Specific_radiative_intensity.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Temperature.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Thermodynamic_equilibrium.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Thermodynamics.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLink Wiens_displacement_law.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLinkText "1859 theory".
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Kirchhoff's Law of Thermal Radiation".
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Kirchhoff's law of equality of radiative absorptivity and emissivity".
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Kirchhoff's law of equality of radiative emissivity and absorptivity".
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation".
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Kirchhoff's law".
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Kirchhoff's laws".
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLinkText "absorptivity".
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLinkText "blackbody theorem".
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLinkText "his law of thermal radiation".
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLinkText "law of thermal radiation".
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageWikiLinkText "laws".
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_book.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_journal.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Math.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refbegin.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refend.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation subject Category:Electromagnetic_radiation.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation subject Category:Heat_transfer.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation type Electrodynamic.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation type Redirect.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation comment "See also Kirchhoff's laws (disambiguation) for other laws named after Kirchhoff.In thermodynamics, Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation refers to wavelength-specific radiative emission and absorption by a material body in thermodynamic equilibrium, including radiative exchange equilibrium. A body at temperature T radiates electromagnetic energy.".
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation label "Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation".
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Q911035.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Закон_выпрамянення_Кірхгофа.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Kirchhoffovi_zakoni_termalne_radijacije.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Kirchhoffsches_Strahlungsgesetz.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Leĝo_de_Kirchhoff_pri_radiado.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Ley_de_Kirchhoff_de_la_radiación_térmica.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Erradiazio_termikoaren_Kirchhoffen_legea.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Loi_du_rayonnement_de_Kirchhoff.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Kirchhoffov_zakon_toplinskog_zračenja.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Hukum_radiasi_termal_Kirchhoff.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Legge_di_Kirchhoff.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs キルヒホッフの法則_(反応熱).
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Кирхгофтың_сәуле_шығару_заңы.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Кирхофов_закон_за_топлинското_зрачење.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Дулаан_цацралын_Кирхгофын_хууль.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Stralingswet_van_Kirchhoff.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Kirchhoffs_strålingslov.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Prawo_Kirchhoffa_(promieniowanie).
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs m.02t4tr.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Legile_lui_Kirchhoff_(radiație).
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Закон_излучения_Кирхгофа.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Kirchhoffs_strålningslag.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs கிர்ச்சாஃப்_விதி_(வெப்ப_இயக்கவியல்).
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Kirchoff’un_Termal_Radyasyon_Kanunu.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs Q911035.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation sameAs 基尔霍夫热辐射定律.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation wasDerivedFrom Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation?oldid=707039558.
- Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation isPrimaryTopicOf Kirchhoffs_law_of_thermal_radiation.