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- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 abstract "The Judiciary Act of 1925 (43 Stat. 936), also known as the Judge's Bill or Certiorari Act, was an act of the United States Congress that sought to reduce the workload of the Supreme Court of the United States. Although the Judiciary Act of 1891 (which created the United States courts of appeals and rendered a small part of the Supreme Court's jurisdiction discretionary subject to grant of writ of certiorari) had relieved pressure on the Supreme Court's docket, the court remained obliged to rule:on the merits all cases appealed to it over which it had jurisdiction … [after the 1891 act, ] Congress gave the Court discretionary review authority over appellate decisions in diversity, patent, revenue, criminal and admiralty cases. Parties wishing to appeal such cases would file a petition for certiorari, which the Court could grant or deny without passing on the merits.Nonetheless, the number of appeals was a one-way upward ratchet, and the Justices argued that the only way to fix the problem once and for all was to have the Court conduct virtually all of its business by way of writ of certiorari.In December 1921, Chief Justice William Howard Taft appointed three justices to draw up a proposal which would amend the Judicial Code of the United States, and define further the jurisdiction of the nation's circuit courts. The resulting bill, created by Justices Willis Van Devanter, James Clark McReynolds, and George Sutherland, took many trips to Congress by the Chief Justice and his associates. Taft also journeyed to the United Kingdom in 1922, to study the procedural structure of British courts.When approved in 1925, \"the Judges Bill\", as it was known, dramatically shrank the number of cases coming directly to the court, yet retained a mandatory oversight on cases which raised questions involving federal jurisdiction. It called for the circuit courts of appeals to have appellate jurisdiction to review 'by appeal or writ of error' final decisions in the district courts, as well as for the district courts of Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, China, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Panama Canal Zone. The circuit courts were also empowered to modify, enforce or set aside orders of the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Federal Reserve Board, and the Federal Trade Commission. The bill further provided that \"A final judgment or decree in any suit in the highest court of a State in which a decision in the suit could be had, where is drawn in question the validity of a treaty or statute of the United States may be reviewed by the Supreme Court on a writ of error.\" Lastly, cases involving final decrees which brought into question the validity of a wide range of Federal or state treaties, would come to the Court by certiorari. Four justices would be required to vote affirmatively to accept petitions, which meant that the Court's agenda would now be controlled by \"judicial review\" and that thousands of cases clogging the dockets could now be cut to hundreds which met the new requirements.The Chief Justice vigorously pursued the passage of this bill, taking his fellow justices with him to Congress over the four years in which the bill was discussed. Congress passed the act in 1925, which rendered the majority of the Supreme Court's workload discretionary, by removing the possibility of direct appeal to the court in most circumstances. Henceforth, pursuant to §237(b) of the act, appellants would file petitions for writs of certiorari with the Supreme Court, which would be accepted at the discretion of four of the nine Justices. \"No longer did the Court have to hear almost every case an unhappy litigant presented to it. Instead, for the most part, the Court could select only those relatively few cases involving issues important enough to require a decision from the Supreme Court.\"".
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- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageOutDegree "25".
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- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink Category:1925_in_law.
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- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink Certiorari.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink Federal_Reserve_Board_of_Governors.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink Federal_Trade_Commission.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink George_Sutherland.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink Interstate_Commerce_Commission.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink James_Clark_McReynolds.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink Judiciary_Act_of_1891.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink Panama_Canal_Zone.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink Statutes_at_Large.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink Supreme_Court_Case_Selections_Act.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Congress.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Court_for_China.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Virgin_Islands.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink United_States_courts_of_appeals.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink William_Howard_Taft.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLink Willis_Van_Devanter.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLinkText "1925".
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageWikiLinkText "Judiciary Act of 1925".
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:William_Howard_Taft.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 subject Category:1925_in_law.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 subject Category:1925_in_the_United_States.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 subject Category:68th_United_States_Congress.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 subject Category:History_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 subject Category:United_States_federal_judiciary_legislation.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 hypernym Act.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 type Band.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 comment "The Judiciary Act of 1925 (43 Stat. 936), also known as the Judge's Bill or Certiorari Act, was an act of the United States Congress that sought to reduce the workload of the Supreme Court of the United States.".
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 label "Judiciary Act of 1925".
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 sameAs Q17109608.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 sameAs m.092dkc.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 sameAs Q17109608.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 wasDerivedFrom Judiciary_Act_of_1925?oldid=704167673.
- Judiciary_Act_of_1925 isPrimaryTopicOf Judiciary_Act_of_1925.