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- Josephina_(road) abstract "The Josephina (Croatian: Jozefina or Jozefinska cesta, German: Josefiner Straße) is a historic road in Croatia that connects Senj and thus the Adriatic coast and Karlovac and the Pannonian plain. It crosses the Dinaric Alps via the Vratnik pass (700 metres (2,300 feet) above sea level) between Senj and Brinje and the Kapela Pass between Brinje and Modruš.Vratnik pass, currently a part of the D23 road, was already in use during Roman time as a salt road, and it became important for timber and other goods in the Middle Ages. However, the first well documented road built along the route was Via Josephina named after Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor who commissioned its construction in 1775. Latin inscriptions carved in rock along the original Via Josephina route completed in 1779 testify that the Emperor travelled through the Vratnik pass on horseback when he realized that the route between Senj, as a major fortress on Adriatic coast, and the hinterland was nearly impassable. Legend has it that this happened when he fell from his horse near Vratnik Pass. Even though the incident is impossible to verify, the town of Josipdol to the east of the mountain pass is named after the Holy Roman Emperor.In 1775, Joseph II indeed commissioned construction of the route, exactly 100 kilometres (62 miles) long, from Vincenc Struppi, a military engineer, and the road, named after the Emperor, was completed in 1779. The original route comprised very steep sections and 20% inclines were not uncommon. There was even one climb at a 30% grade. Because of this the road was modified and extended by 15 kilometres (9.3 miles), in order to remove such steep sections. The first reconstruction was carried out as early as late 18th century, and another one between 1833 and 1845 managed by Field Marshal Josip Filip Vukasović and Josip Kajetan Knežić respectively. Subsequent modifications were not as significant. The road was paved in 1950, when the last minor modifications of the route were executed.The route was distinguished by mile markers along the route, an obelisk in Karlovac marking the beginning of the road and a specially built gate in Senj marking its end. Most remarkably the original road included a stone bridge across three spans in Tounj, which was expanded during the reconstruction of 1845 and now has two levels. The upper level was destroyed during World War II, but it was rebuilt in the 1950s.".
- Josephina_(road) thumbnail Miljokaz_Karlovac_Jozefinska_cesta.jpg?width=300.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageID "20293284".
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageLength "4535".
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageOutDegree "25".
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageRevisionID "673770315".
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Adriatic_Sea.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Brinje.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Category:Lika-Senj_County.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Category:Roads_in_Croatia.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Croatia.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink D23_road_(Croatia).
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Dinaric_Alps.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Josef_Philipp_Vukassovich.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Josip_Kajetan_Knežić.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Josipdol.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Karlovac.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Metres_above_sea_level.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Modruš.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Pannonian_Basin.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Salt_road.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Senj.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Tounj.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink Vincenc_Struppi.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink World_War_II.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLink File:Miljokaz_Karlovac_Jozefinska_cesta.jpg.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLinkText "Josephina (road)".
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLinkText "Josephina road".
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLinkText "Josephina".
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLinkText "Kapela and Vratnik passes".
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageWikiLinkText "Vratnik pass".
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Commons_category-inline.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Convert.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Coord_missing.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Lang-de.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Lang-hr.
- Josephina_(road) wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Josephina_(road) subject Category:Lika-Senj_County.
- Josephina_(road) subject Category:Roads_in_Croatia.
- Josephina_(road) hypernym Road.
- Josephina_(road) type Road.
- Josephina_(road) type Landform.
- Josephina_(road) type Pass.
- Josephina_(road) type Redirect.
- Josephina_(road) type Road.
- Josephina_(road) comment "The Josephina (Croatian: Jozefina or Jozefinska cesta, German: Josefiner Straße) is a historic road in Croatia that connects Senj and thus the Adriatic coast and Karlovac and the Pannonian plain.".
- Josephina_(road) label "Josephina (road)".
- Josephina_(road) sameAs Q1708388.
- Josephina_(road) sameAs Category:Josephina_(road).
- Josephina_(road) sameAs Josephina_(Straße).
- Josephina_(road) sameAs Jozefina.
- Josephina_(road) sameAs m.04zyj0j.
- Josephina_(road) sameAs Jozefina.
- Josephina_(road) sameAs Q1708388.
- Josephina_(road) wasDerivedFrom Josephina_(road)?oldid=673770315.
- Josephina_(road) depiction Miljokaz_Karlovac_Jozefinska_cesta.jpg.
- Josephina_(road) isPrimaryTopicOf Josephina_(road).