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- John_J._Pershing abstract "John Joseph \"Black Jack\" Pershing (September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948) was the general in the United States Army who led the American Expeditionary Forces to victory over Germany in World War I, 1917–18. He rejected British and French demands that American forces be integrated with their armies, and insisted that the AEF would operate as a single unit under his command, although some American divisions fought under British command, and he also allowed all-black units to be integrated with the French army. US forces first saw serious battle at Cantigny, Chateau-Thierry, Belleau Wood, and Soissons. To speed up the arrival of the doughboys, they embarked for France leaving the heavy equipment behind, and used British and French tanks, artillery, airplanes and other munitions. In September 1918 at St. Mihiel, the First Army was directly under Pershing's command; it overwhelmed the salient which the German Army had held for three years. Pershing shifted 600,000 American soldiers to the heavily defended forests of the Argonne, keeping his divisions engaged in hard fighting for 47 days, alongside the French. That victory was one of several factors causing the Germans to call for an armistice, although Pershing himself wanted to continue the war, occupy all of Germany, and permanently destroy German militarism.Pershing is the only American to be promoted in his own lifetime to General of the Armies, the highest possible rank in the army. His rank is unofficially equivalent to a six-star general although he preferred to wear four gold stars (after World War I) instead of a six-star insignia (during and after World War II). He served as a mentor to a generation of generals who led the United States Army in Europe during World War II, including George C. Marshall, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar Bradley, and George S. Patton. Some of his tactics have been criticized both by other commanders at the time and by modern historians. His reliance on costly frontal assaults, long after other Allied armies had abandoned such tactics, has been blamed for causing unnecessarily high American casualties.".
- John_J._Pershing award Distinguished_Service_Cross_(United_States).
- John_J._Pershing award Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army).
- John_J._Pershing award Legion_of_Honour.
- John_J._Pershing award Order_of_the_Bath.
- John_J._Pershing award Silver_Star.
- John_J._Pershing battle American_Indian_Wars.
- John_J._Pershing battle Apache_Wars.
- John_J._Pershing battle Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill.
- John_J._Pershing battle Mexican_Revolution.
- John_J._Pershing battle Moro_Rebellion.
- John_J._Pershing battle Pancho_Villa_Expedition.
- John_J._Pershing battle Philippine–American_War.
- John_J._Pershing battle Russo-Japanese_War.
- John_J._Pershing battle Sioux_Wars.
- John_J._Pershing battle Spanish–American_War.
- John_J._Pershing battle Western_Front_(World_War_I).
- John_J._Pershing battle World_War_I.
- John_J._Pershing birthDate "1860-09-13".
- John_J._Pershing birthPlace Laclede,_Missouri.
- John_J._Pershing birthYear "1860".
- John_J._Pershing deathDate "1948-07-15".
- John_J._Pershing deathPlace Washington,_D.C..
- John_J._Pershing deathYear "1948".
- John_J._Pershing militaryBranch United_States_Army.
- John_J._Pershing militaryCommand "8th Infantry Brigade".
- John_J._Pershing militaryCommand "American Expeditionary Force".
- John_J._Pershing militaryCommand "Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army".
- John_J._Pershing militaryCommand "First United States Army".
- John_J._Pershing militaryCommand "Mexican Expedition".
- John_J._Pershing restingPlace Arlington_National_Cemetery.
- John_J._Pershing serviceEndYear "1924".
- John_J._Pershing serviceNumber "O-1".
- John_J._Pershing serviceStartYear "1886".
- John_J._Pershing soundRecording John_J._Pershing__1.
- John_J._Pershing thumbnail General_John_Joseph_Pershing_head_on_shoulders.jpg?width=300.
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- John_J._Pershing wikiPageExternalLink index.htm.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageExternalLink pershingrifles.wordpress.com.
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- John_J._Pershing wikiPageExternalLink showpdf.php?id=42718.
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- John_J._Pershing wikiPageExternalLink www.pershingmuseum.com.
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- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink 10th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States).
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink 15th_Cavalry_Regiment.
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- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink 18th_Missouri_Volunteer_Infantry.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink 1918_flu_pandemic.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink 1995_Grand_National.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink 1st_Cavalry_Division_(United_States).
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink 1st_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States).
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink 1st_Infantry_Division_(United_States).
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink 27th_Infantry_Division_(United_States).
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink 30th_Infantry_Division_(United_States).
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink 42nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States).
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink 42nd_Street_(Manhattan).
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- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink 502nd_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States).
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- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink 92nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States).
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink 93rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States).
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink African_Americans.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Albert_Leopold_Mills.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Alphonse_Jacques_de_Dixmude.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Alternate_history.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink American_Civil_War.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink American_Expeditionary_Forces.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink American_Indian_Wars.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Apache.
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- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Arkansas_City,_Kansas.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Arlington_County,_Virginia.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Arlington_National_Cemetery.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Armando_Diaz.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Armistice_of_11_November_1918.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Army_of_Cuban_Occupation_Medal.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Army_of_Occupation_of_Germany_Medal.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Atlanta.
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- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Avenue_Foch.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Balkans.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Amiens_(1918).
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Bud_Bagsak.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_France.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Hamel.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Saint-Mihiel.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Sedan.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_the_Somme.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageWikiLink Belgium.