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- James_Chadwick abstract "Sir James Chadwick, CH, FRS (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932. In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report, which inspired the U.S. government to begin serious atomic bomb research efforts. He was the head of the British team that worked on the Manhattan Project during the Second World War. He was knighted in England in 1945 for his achievements in physics.Chadwick graduated from the Victoria University of Manchester in 1911, where he studied under Ernest Rutherford (known as the \"father of nuclear physics\"). At Manchester, he continued to study under Rutherford until he was awarded his MSc in 1913. The same year, Chadwick was awarded an 1851 Research Fellowship from the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. He elected to study beta radiation under Hans Geiger in Berlin. Using Geiger's recently developed Geiger counter, Chadwick was able to demonstrate that beta radiation produced a continuous spectrum, and not discrete lines as had been thought. Still in Germany when the First World War broke out in Europe, he spent the next four years in the Ruhleben internment camp.After the war, Chadwick followed Rutherford to the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, where Chadwick earned his Doctor of Philosophy degree under Rutherford's supervision from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, in June 1921. He was Rutherford's assistant director of research at the Cavendish Laboratory for over a decade at a time when it was one of the world's foremost centres for the study of physics, attracting students like John Cockcroft, Norman Feather, and Mark Oliphant. Chadwick followed his discovery of the neutron by measuring its mass. He anticipated that neutrons would become a major weapon in the fight against cancer. Chadwick left the Cavendish Laboratory in 1935 to become a professor of physics at the University of Liverpool, where he overhauled an antiquated laboratory and, by installing a cyclotron, made it an important centre for the study of nuclear physics.During the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the Tube Alloys project to build an atomic bomb, while his Liverpool lab and environs were harassed by Luftwaffe bombing. When the Quebec Agreement merged his project with the American Manhattan Project, he became part of the British Mission, and worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory and in Washington, D.C. He surprised everyone by earning the almost-complete trust of project director Leslie R. Groves, Jr. For his efforts, Chadwick received a knighthood in the New Year Honours on 1 January 1945. In July 1945, he viewed the Trinity nuclear test. After this, he served as the British scientific advisor to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. Uncomfortable with the trend toward Big Science, Chadwick became the Master of Gonville and Caius College in 1948. He retired in 1959.".
- James_Chadwick almaMater University_of_Cambridge.
- James_Chadwick almaMater University_of_Manchester.
- James_Chadwick award Copley_Medal.
- James_Chadwick award Faraday_Medal.
- James_Chadwick award Faraday_Medal_and_Prize.
- James_Chadwick award Franklin_Medal.
- James_Chadwick award Hughes_Medal.
- James_Chadwick award Knight_Bachelor.
- James_Chadwick award Melchett_Medal.
- James_Chadwick award Nobel_Prize_in_Physics.
- James_Chadwick award Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour.
- James_Chadwick award Royal_Society.
- James_Chadwick birthDate "1891-10-20".
- James_Chadwick birthPlace Bollington.
- James_Chadwick birthPlace Cheshire.
- James_Chadwick birthPlace England.
- James_Chadwick deathDate "1974-07-24".
- James_Chadwick deathPlace Cambridge.
- James_Chadwick deathPlace England.
- James_Chadwick doctoralAdvisor Ernest_Rutherford.
- James_Chadwick doctoralStudent Charles_Drummond_Ellis.
- James_Chadwick doctoralStudent Ernest_C._Pollard.
- James_Chadwick doctoralStudent Maurice_Goldhaber.
- James_Chadwick doctoralStudent Étienne_Biéler.
- James_Chadwick field Physics.
- James_Chadwick knownFor Discovery_of_the_neutron.
- James_Chadwick knownFor MAUD_Committee.
- James_Chadwick knownFor Manhattan_Project.
- James_Chadwick nationality English_people.
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