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- Indian_Reorganization_Act abstract "The Indian Reorganization Act of June 18, 1934, or the Wheeler-Howard Act, was U.S. federal legislation that dealt with the status of Native Americans (known in law as American Indians or Indians). It was the centerpiece of what has been often called the \"Indian New Deal.\" The major goal was to reverse the traditional goal of assimilation of Indians into American society, and to strengthen, encourage and perpetuate the tribes and their historic traditions and culture. The Act also restored to Indians the management of their assets—land and mineral rights—and included provisions intended to create a sound economic foundation for the inhabitants of Indian reservations. The law did not apply to Hawaii; Alaska and Oklahoma were added under another law in 1936. (Native American tribes in Oklahoma had their land allotted and land title extinguished, so did not have any reservations left.) The census counted 332,000 Indians in 1930 and 334,000 in 1940, including those on and off reservations in the 48 states. Total spending on Indians averaged $38 million a year in the late 1920s, dropping to a low of $23 million in 1933, and reaching $38 million in 1940.The IRA was the most significant initiative of John Collier, who was President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) from 1933 to 1945. He had long studied Indian issues and worked for change since the 1920s, particularly with the American Indian Defense Association. He intended to reverse the assimilationist policies that had resulted in considerable damage to Native American cultures, and to provide a means for American Indians to re-establish sovereignty and self-government, to reduce the losses of reservation lands, and to build economic self-sufficiency. He believed that Indian traditional culture was superior to that of modern America, and thought it worthy of emulation. His proposals were considered highly controversial, as numerous powerful interests had profited from the sale and management of Native lands. Congress revised Collier's proposals and preserved oversight of tribes and reservations by the Bureau of Indian Affairs within the Department of Interior. The self-government provisions would automatically go into effect for a tribe unless a clear majority of the eligible Indians voted it down. When approved, a tribe would adopt a variation of the model constitution drafted by BIA lawyers. Of the tribes that voted on the IRA, 174 voted yes and 78 rejected it.".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageExternalLink publaw-383.pdf.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageExternalLink indian-reorganization-act.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageExternalLink h139.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageExternalLink 3638029.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageExternalLink 3638162.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageExternalLink 968814.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageID "55752".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageLength "25284".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageOutDegree "54".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageRevisionID "705221122".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Activism.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink American_Indian_Defense_Association.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Burton_K._Wheeler.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Carcieri_v._Salazar.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Casino.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Category:1934_in_law.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_the_United_States_(1918–45).
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Category:New_Deal_legislation.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Category:United_States_federal_Indian_policy.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Category:United_States_federal_Native_American_legislation.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Checkerboarding_(land).
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Cultural_assimilation_of_Native_Americans.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Democratic_Party_(United_States).
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Edgar_Howard.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Franklin_D._Roosevelt.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Harold_L._Ickes.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Henry_Roe_Cloud.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Indian_Claims_Act.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Indian_reservation.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Indian_termination_policy.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Iroquois.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Janice_Rogers_Brown.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink John_Collier_(sociologist).
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Lower_Brule_Indian_Reservation.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Madison_County,_New_York.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Montana.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Narragansett_people.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Native_Americans_in_the_United_States.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Navajo_Livestock_Reduction.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Navajo_Nation.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink New_York.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Oglala_Lakota.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Oneida_County,_New_York.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Oneida_Indian_Nation.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Rhode_Island.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Seneca_people.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Sovereignty.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Title_25_of_the_United_States_Code.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Totem_pole.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eighth_Circuit.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Upstate_Citizens_for_Equality.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Vernon,_New_York.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLink Verona,_New_York.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLinkText "IRA".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLinkText "Indian New Deal".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLinkText "Indian Reorganization Act of 1934".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLinkText "Indian Reorganization Act".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLinkText "terminated".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageWikiLinkText "termination".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act citePublicLaw "73".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act conferencedate "1934-06-15".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act effectiveDate "1934-06-18".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act enactedBy "73.0".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act introducedby "Burton K. Wheeler".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act introduceddate "1934-05-22".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act introducedin "Senate".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act longtitle "An Act to conserve and develop Indian lands and resources; to extend to Indians the right to form business and, other organizations; to establish a credit system for Indians; to grant certain rights of home rule to Indians; to provide for vocational education for Indians; and for other purposes.".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act nickname "Wheeler-Howard Act".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act othershorttitles "Indian New Deal".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act othershorttitles "Indian Reorganization Act of 1934".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act passedbody "House".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act passedbody "Senate".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act passeddate "1934-06-12".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act passeddate "1934-06-15".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act passeddate "1934-06-16".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act passedvote "284".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act passedvote "agreed".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act passedvote "passed".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act publicLawUrl publaw-383.pdf.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act sectionsCreated "§ 461 et seq.".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act shortTitie "Indian Reorganization Act".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act signeddate "1934-06-18".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act signedpresident Franklin_D._Roosevelt.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act titleAmended "25".
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Aboriginal_title_in_the_United_States.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Convert.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_U.S._legislation.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Native_American_rights.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Sfn.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:USBill.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Usc-title-chap.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Usstat.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act subject Category:1934_in_law.
- Indian_Reorganization_Act subject Category:History_of_the_United_States_(1918–45).
- Indian_Reorganization_Act subject Category:New_Deal_legislation.