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- Hundred_Years_War abstract "The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, rulers of the Kingdom of France, for control of the latter kingdom. Each side drew many allies into the war. It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages, in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe. The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline, and the development of strong national identities in both countries.After the Norman Conquest, the kings of England were vassals of the kings of France for their possessions in France. The French kings had endeavored, over the centuries, to reduce these possessions, to the effect that only Gascony was left to the English. The confiscation or threat of confiscating this duchy had been part of French policy to check the growth of English power, particularly whenever the English were at war with the Kingdom of Scotland, an ally of France.Through his mother, Isabella of France, Edward III of England was the grandson of Philip IV of France and nephew of Charles IV of France, the last king of the senior line of the House of Capet. In 1316, a principle was established denying women succession to the French throne. When Charles IV died in 1328, Isabella, unable to claim the French throne for herself, claimed it for her son. The French rejected the claim, maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right that she did not possess. For about nine years (1328–1337), the English had accepted the Valois succession to the French throne. But the interference of the French king, Philip VI, in Edward III's war against Scotland led Edward III to reassert his claim to the French throne. Several overwhelming English victories in the war—especially at Crecy, Poitiers, and Agincourt—raised the prospects of an ultimate English triumph. However, the greater resources of the French monarchy precluded a complete conquest. Starting in 1429, decisive French victories at Patay, Formigny, and Castillon concluded the war in favor of France, with England permanently losing most of its major possessions on the continent.Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces: the Edwardian Era War (1337–1360); the Caroline War (1369–1389); and the Lancastrian War (1415–1453). Contemporary conflicts in neighbouring areas, which were directly related to this conflict, included the War of the Breton Succession (1341–1364), the Castilian Civil War (1366–1369), the War of the Two Peters (1356–1375) in Aragon, and the 1383–85 Crisis in Portugal. Later historians invented the term \"Hundred Years' War\" as a periodization to encompass all of these events, thus constructing the longest military conflict in history.The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors. By its end, feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops, and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies. Although primarily a dynastic conflict, the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism. The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated. The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire, composed largely of commoners and thus helping to change their role in warfare. With respect to the belligerents, English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture. The dissatisfaction of English nobles, resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings, became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses (1455–1487). In France, civil wars, deadly epidemics, famines, and bandit free-companies of mercenaries reduced the population drastically. Shorn of its continental possessions, England was left with the sense of being an island nation, which profoundly affected its outlook and development for more than 500 years.".
- Hundred_Years_War combatant "15pxCounty of Flanders".
- Hundred_Years_War combatant "15pxCounty of Hainaut".
- Hundred_Years_War combatant "15pxCrown of Aragon".
- Hundred_Years_War combatant "15pxCrown of Castile".
- Hundred_Years_War combatant "15pxDuchy of Aquitaine".
- Hundred_Years_War combatant "15pxDuchy of Brittany(Blois)".
- Hundred_Years_War combatant "15pxDuchy of Brittany(Montfort)".
- Hundred_Years_War combatant "15pxDuchy of Burgundy".
- Hundred_Years_War combatant "15pxKingdom of Bohemia".
- Hundred_Years_War combatant "15pxKingdom of England".
- Hundred_Years_War combatant "15pxKingdom of France".
- Hundred_Years_War combatant "15pxKingdom of Navarre".
- Hundred_Years_War combatant "15pxKingdom of Portugal".
- Hundred_Years_War combatant "15pxKingdom of Scotland".
- Hundred_Years_War combatant "15pxRepublic of Genoa".
- Hundred_Years_War place Low_Countries.
- Hundred_Years_War result ":English victory:Treaty of Brétigny".
- Hundred_Years_War result ":English victory:Treaty of Troyes".
- Hundred_Years_War result ":French victory: House of Valois retains the throne of France,Treaty of Picquigny".
- Hundred_Years_War result ":French victory:Treaty of Bruges".
- Hundred_Years_War result ";Caroline War(1369–1389)".
- Hundred_Years_War result ";Edwardian War(1337–1360)".
- Hundred_Years_War result ";Lancastrian War, 1st phase (1415–1420)".
- Hundred_Years_War result ";Lancastrian War, 2nd phase (1420–1453)".
- Hundred_Years_War territory Duchy_of_Aquitaine.
- Hundred_Years_War territory Pale_of_Calais.
- Hundred_Years_War thumbnail Hundred_years_war_collage.jpg?width=300.
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- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Arnaud_Amanieu,_Lord_of_Albret.
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- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Avignon_Papacy.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Agincourt.
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- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Homildon_Hill.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_La_Rochelle.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Montiel.
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- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Nájera.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Patay.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Poitiers.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Sluys.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Verneuil.
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- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Bernard_VII,_Count_of_Armagnac.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Bertrand_du_Guesclin.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Black_Death.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Black_Monday_(1360).
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- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:14th_century_in_France.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:15th_century_in_France.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:Anglo-French_Wars.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:Hundred_Years_War.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:Warfare_of_the_Middle_Ages.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:Wars_involving_Luxembourg.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:Wars_involving_Portugal.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:Wars_involving_Scotland.
- Hundred_Years_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:Wars_involving_the_Holy_Roman_Empire.