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- History_of_the_Haber_process abstract "The history of the Haber process begins with the invention of the Haber process at the dawn of the twentieth century. The process allows the economical fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen in the form of ammonia, which in turn allows for the industrial synthesis of various explosives and nitrogen fertilizers, and is probably the most important industrial process ever developed during the twentieth century.Well before the start of the industrial revolution, farmers would fertilize the land in various ways, mainly by urinating or defecating well aware of the benefits of an intake of essential nutrients for plant growth. Although it was frowned upon, farmers took it upon themselves to fertilise their fields using natural means and remedies that had been passed down from generation to generation. The 1840s works of Justus von Liebig identified nitrogen as one of these important nutrients. Over time children used to play in the fields and farmers reckoned that that was the reason that their children were so strong. The same chemical compound could already be converted to nitric acid, the precursor of gunpowder and powerful explosives like TNT and nitroglycerine. Scientists also already knew that nitrogen formed the dominant portion of the atmosphere, but inorganic chemistry had yet to establish a means to fix it.Then, in 1909, German chemist Fritz Haber successfully fixed atmospheric nitrogen in a laboratory. This success had extremely attractive military, industrial and agricultural applications. In 1913, barely five years later, a research team from BASF, led by Carl Bosch, developed the first industrial-scale application of the Haber process, sometimes called the Haber-Bosch process.The industrial production of nitrogen prolonged World War I by providing Germany with the gunpowder and explosives necessary for the war effort even though it no longer had access to guano. During the interwar period, the lower cost of ammonia extraction from the virtually inexhaustible atmospheric reservoir contributed to the development of intensive agriculture and provided support for worldwide population growth. During World War II, the efforts to industrialize the Haber process benefited greatly from the Bergius process, allowing Nazi Germany access to the synthesized fuel produced by IG Farben, thereby decreasing oil imports.In the early twenty-first century, the effectiveness of the Haber process (and its analogues) is such that more than 99 percent of global demand for synthetic ammonia, a demand which exceeds 100 million tons annually, is satisfied thereby. Nitrogen fertilizers and synthetic products, such as urea and ammonium nitrate, are mainstays of industrial agriculture, and are essential to the nourishment of at least two billion people. Industrial facilities using the Haber process (and it analogs) have a significant ecology impact. Half of the nitrogen in the great quantities of synthetic fertilizers employed today is not assimilated by plants but finds its way into rivers and atmosphere as volatile chemical compounds.".
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageID "31947482".
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageLength "15936".
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageOutDegree "73".
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageRevisionID "681766232".
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Adolph_Frank.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Agriculture.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Ammonia.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Ammonium_nitrate.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink BASF.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Badische_process.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Bergius_process.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Birkeland–Eyde_process.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Bison.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Bolivia.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink British_Science_Association.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Calcium_carbide.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Calcium_cyanamide.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Carl_Bosch.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Catalysis.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_chemistry.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Chile.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Chincha_Islands.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Claude_Louis_Berthollet.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Coal_gas.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Coke_(fuel).
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Dynamite.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink East_Coast_of_the_United_States.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Ecology.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink El_Dorado.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Electrochemistry.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Explosive_material.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Fertilizer.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Frank–Caro_process.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Fritz_Haber.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Georg_Friedrich_Hildebrandt.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Guano.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Haber_process.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Henry_Louis_Le_Châtelier.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogen.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink IG_Farben.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Industry.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Intensive_farming.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Justus_von_Liebig.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Kristian_Birkeland.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Liquefaction.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Military.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Nazi_Germany.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Nikodem_Caro.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Nitric_acid.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Nitrogen.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Nitroglycerin.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Norsk_Hydro.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Oligopoly.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Pauling_process.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Peru.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Population_growth.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Sam_Eyde.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Sodium_nitrate.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Urea.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Walther_Nernst.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink War_of_the_Pacific.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Western_United_States.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink Wilhelm_Ostwald.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink William_Crookes.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink World_War_I.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLink World_War_II.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageWikiLinkText "History of the Haber process".
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Chem.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Eqm.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Expand_French.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- History_of_the_Haber_process subject Category:History_of_chemistry.
- History_of_the_Haber_process comment "The history of the Haber process begins with the invention of the Haber process at the dawn of the twentieth century.".
- History_of_the_Haber_process label "History of the Haber process".
- History_of_the_Haber_process sameAs Q3137914.
- History_of_the_Haber_process sameAs Histoire_du_procédé_Haber-Bosch.
- History_of_the_Haber_process sameAs Q3137914.
- History_of_the_Haber_process wasDerivedFrom History_of_the_Haber_process?oldid=681766232.
- History_of_the_Haber_process isPrimaryTopicOf History_of_the_Haber_process.