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- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land abstract "Franz Josef Land, an uninhabited archipelago located in the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea and Kara Sea, may have been discovered by the 1865 expedition of the Norwegian sealing vessel Spidsbergen captained by Nils Fredrik Rønnbeck. However, the discovery was never announced and the existence of the territory only came to public notice following the Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition of 1872, which named the archipelago in honor of Franz Joseph I of Austria. Benjamin Leigh Smith led the next expedition in 1880, which continued the work of the first expeditions in investigating the southern and central parts of the archipelago. Concurrent expeditions followed in 1896, Nansen's Fram expedition and the Jackson–Harmsworth Expedition, which met by accident. These two journeys explored the northern area and the flanks of Franz Josef Land.The next series of expeditions used the archipelago as a base for attempts to reach the North Pole. The first, carried out by Walter Wellman in 1898, was followed the next year by the voyage of the Stella Polare then from 1901 to 1905 the Ziegler Polar Expedition took place. Although often poorly organized and unsuccessful at reaching their ultimate goal, these expeditions further explored the islands. Russian expeditions, starting with the icebreaker Yrmark in 1901, began visiting the area and conducted increasing amounts of scientific research alongside their exploration activities. Russia claimed sovereignty over the archipelago in 1914, and the Soviet Union formally annexed the islands on 15 April 1926, making it part of Arkhangelsk Oblast. Norway and Italy protested, and Norwegian sealers continued to operate in the surrounding waters for several years. A 1929 Norwegian attempt to establish a base failed.The 1930 Bratvaag Expedition was the last Western European presence on the islands until 1990, except for an undetected German weather station on Alexandra Land during World War II. From 1932 the Soviet Union operated weather stations at Tikhaya Bay, Hooker Island and on Rudolf Island. The 1930s also saw the development of complete topographical maps with the islands used as launching points for drifting ice stations. During the Cold War the islands became strategically important and aerodromes were constructed at Nagurskoye and Heiss Island. The Ernst Krenkel Observatory was established in 1957. From 1991 foreign scientists were again welcome to the islands, which were declared a nature reserve in 1994. Tourism commenced and the archipelago became part of the Russian Arctic National Park in 2011.".
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land thumbnail Map_of_Franz_Josef_Land-en.svg?width=300.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageID "41619920".
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageLength "43364".
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageOutDegree "179".
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageRevisionID "705909461".
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Adelaide_Island.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Airship_Italia.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Albert_Armitage.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Alexandra_Land.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Alfred_Harmsworth,_1st_Viscount_Northcliffe.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Alger_Island,_Russia.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Allies_of_World_War_II.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Anthony_Fiala.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Antonov_An-2.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Archipelago.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Arctic_Ocean.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Arctic_and_Antarctic_Research_Institute.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Arkhangelsk.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Arkhangelsk_Oblast.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Austria-Hungary.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_Expedition.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Barents_Sea.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Barque.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Bell_Island_(Franz_Josef_Land).
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Benjamin_Leigh_Smith.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Blubber.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Bratvaag_Expedition.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Brusilov_Expedition.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Cape_Fligely.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Category:Franz_Josef_Land.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Franz_Josef_Land.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_the_Arctic.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Central_Powers.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Coburg_Island.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Cold_War.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Drift_ice.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Drifting_ice_station.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Emperor_of_Austria.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Ernst_Krenkel_Observatory.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Farthest_North.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Federal_subjects_of_Russia.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Flag_of_Russia.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Focke-Wulf_Fw_200_Condor.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Fram.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Franz_Josef_Land.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Frederick_George_Jackson.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Fridtjof_Nansen.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Georgiy_Sedov_(icebreaker).
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Georgy_Sedov.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink German_submarine_U-354.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink German_submarine_U-387.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Greenly_Island.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Gunnar_Horn.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Hall_Island_(Arctic).
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Hammerfest.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Hans_Wilhelmsson_Ahlmann.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Heiss_Island.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Hjalmar_Johansen.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Hooker_Island.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Ice_core.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Intercontinental_ballistic_missile.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink International_Geophysical_Year.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink International_Polar_Year.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Ionosphere.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Ivan_Papanin.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Jackson_Island.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Jackson–Harmsworth_Expedition.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Jan_Mayen.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Jan_Nagórski.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Jason_(ship).
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Julius_von_Payer.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Kara_Sea.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Karl_Weyprecht.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Kayak.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Kerguelen_Islands.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Krasnoyarsk_Krai.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Krassin_(1917_icebreaker).
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink LZ_127_Graf_Zeppelin.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Lars_Christensen.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Lerwick.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink MacKlintok_Island.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Magnetic_field.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Malygin_(1912_icebreaker).
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Matochkin_Strait.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Meridian_arc.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Mikhail_Vodopyanov.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Murmansk_Oblast.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Nagurskoye.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Nansens_Fram_expedition.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink National_Geographic_Society.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Nature_reserve.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink New_Siberian_Islands.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink North_Pole.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink North_Pole-1.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Northbrook_Island.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Northeast_Passage.
- History_of_Franz_Josef_Land wikiPageWikiLink Norwegian_Polar_Institute.