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- Harmala_alkaloid abstract "Several alkaloids that function as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are found in the seeds of Peganum harmala (also known as Harmal or Syrian Rue), as well as tobacco leaves including harmine, harmaline, and harmalol, which are members of a group of substances with a similar chemical structure collectively known as harmala alkaloids. These alkaloids are of interest for their use in Amazonian shamanism, where they are derived from other plants. The harmala alkaloid harmine, once known as telepathine and banisterine, is a naturally occurring beta-carboline alkaloid that is structurally related to harmaline, and also found in the vine Banisteriopsis caapi. Tetrahydroharmine is also found in B. caapi and P. harmala. Dr. Alexander Shulgin has suggested that harmine may be a breakdown product of harmaline. Harmine and harmaline are reversible MAOIs of the MAO-A isoform of the enzyme, and can stimulate the central nervous system by inhibiting the metabolism of monoamine compounds such as serotonin and norepinephrine.The harmala alkaloids occur in Peganum harmala in concentrations of roughly 3%, though tests have documented anywhere from 2-7% or even higher, as natural sources tend to vary widely in chemical makeup. Harmala alkaloids are also found in the Banisteriopsis caapi vine, the key plant ingredient in the sacramental beverage Ayahuasca, in concentrations that range between 0.31-8.43% for harmine, 0.03-0.83% for harmaline and 0.05-2.94% for tetrahydroharmine. Although other psychoactive plants are occasionally added to Ayahuasca to achieve visionary states of consciousness, the recipes vary greatly and no single combination is common. Peganum harmala, normally consumed as a tea or used as an incense, is mentioned in classical Persian literature both as a sacred sacrament and as a medicine. The harmala alkaloids are not especially psychedelic, even at higher dosages, when hypnagogic visions, alongside vomiting and diarrhea, become the main effect.Harmala alkaloids are also found in many other plants, such as passion flower. The leaves of P. incarnata have been reported variously to give 0.005%, 0.12 mg%, and nil, of harman alkaloids.".
- Harmala_alkaloid thumbnail Peganum_harmala1.jpg?width=300.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageExternalLink read.php?domain=tk&id=54.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageID "906175".
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageLength "11022".
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageOutDegree "76".
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageRevisionID "698515674".
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink 3OH-kynurenine.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Alkaloid.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Ayahuasca.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Banisteriopsis_caapi.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Beta-Carboline.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Category:Alkaloids.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Category:Ayahuasca.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Category:Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitors.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Category:Nitrariaceae.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Central_nervous_system.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Cytotoxicity.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Enzyme.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Essential_tremor.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink GABAA_receptor.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink HL60.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Harmalan.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Harmaline.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Harmalol.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Harmane.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Harmine.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Inverse_agonist.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink K562_cells.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Kynurenine.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Laxative.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Metabolism.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Monoamine_neurotransmitter.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Monoamine_oxidase_A.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Monoamine_oxidase_B.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Nitric_oxide_synthase.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Norepinephrine.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Parkinsons_disease.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Passiflora.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Passiflora_incarnata.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Peganum_harmala.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Phenelzine.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Quinolinic_acid.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Reversible_inhibitor_of_monoamine_oxidase_A.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Seed.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Serotonin.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Telepathy.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Tetrahydroharmine.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Tobacco.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink Tyramine.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink File:Harmaline_Harmine.jpg.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink File:Harmaline_structure.svg.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink File:Harmalol.svg.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink File:Harmane.svg.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink File:Harmine_structure.svg.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink File:Peganum_harmala1.jpg.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLink File:Tetrahydroharmine_structure.svg.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLinkText "Harmala Alkaloid".
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLinkText "Harmala alkaloid".
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLinkText "Harmala_alkaloid".
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLinkText "Harman".
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLinkText "harmala alkaloid".
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageWikiLinkText "harman".
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Antidepressants.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Dopaminergics.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Harmala_alkaloid wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Serotonergics.
- Harmala_alkaloid subject Category:Alkaloids.
- Harmala_alkaloid subject Category:Ayahuasca.
- Harmala_alkaloid subject Category:Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitors.
- Harmala_alkaloid subject Category:Nitrariaceae.
- Harmala_alkaloid hypernym Members.
- Harmala_alkaloid type Biomolecule.
- Harmala_alkaloid type Alkaloid.
- Harmala_alkaloid type Antidepressant.
- Harmala_alkaloid type Biomolecule.
- Harmala_alkaloid type Entheogen.
- Harmala_alkaloid type Inhibitor.
- Harmala_alkaloid comment "Several alkaloids that function as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are found in the seeds of Peganum harmala (also known as Harmal or Syrian Rue), as well as tobacco leaves including harmine, harmaline, and harmalol, which are members of a group of substances with a similar chemical structure collectively known as harmala alkaloids. These alkaloids are of interest for their use in Amazonian shamanism, where they are derived from other plants.".
- Harmala_alkaloid label "Harmala alkaloid".
- Harmala_alkaloid sameAs Q135149.
- Harmala_alkaloid sameAs Harman-Alkaloide.
- Harmala_alkaloid sameAs Tetrahidroharmina.
- Harmala_alkaloid sameAs Harmane.
- Harmala_alkaloid sameAs Alcaloidi_armalinici.
- Harmala_alkaloid sameAs Harmano.
- Harmala_alkaloid sameAs m.03npcp.
- Harmala_alkaloid sameAs Q135149.
- Harmala_alkaloid wasDerivedFrom Harmala_alkaloid?oldid=698515674.
- Harmala_alkaloid depiction Peganum_harmala1.jpg.
- Harmala_alkaloid isPrimaryTopicOf Harmala_alkaloid.