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- Groupthink abstract "Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people, in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome. Group members try to minimize conflict and reach a consensus decision without critical evaluation of alternative viewpoints, by actively suppressing dissenting viewpoints, and by isolating themselves from outside influences.Loyalty to the group requires individuals to avoid raising controversial issues or alternative solutions, and there is loss of individual creativity, uniqueness and independent thinking. The dysfunctional group dynamics of the \"ingroup\" produces an \"illusion of invulnerability\" (an inflated certainty that the right decision has been made). Thus the \"ingroup\" significantly overrates its own abilities in decision-making, and significantly underrates the abilities of its opponents (the \"outgroup\"). Furthermore, groupthink can produce dehumanizing actions against the \"outgroup\".Antecedent factors such as group cohesiveness, faulty group structure, and situational context (e.g., community panic) play into the likelihood of whether or not groupthink will impact the decision-making process.Groupthink is a construct of social psychology but has an extensive reach, and influences literature in the fields of communication studies, political science, management, and organizational theory, as well as important aspects of deviant religious cult behaviour.Groupthink is sometimes stated to occur (more broadly) within natural groups within the community, for example to explain the lifelong different mindsets of conservatives versus liberals, or the solitary nature of introverts. However, this conformity of viewpoints within a group does not mainly involve deliberate group decision-making, and thus is perhaps better explained by the collective confirmation bias of the individual members of the group.Most of the initial research on groupthink was conducted by Irving Janis, a research psychologist from Yale University. Janis published an influential book in 1972, which was revised in 1982. Janis used the Bay of Pigs disaster (the failed invasion of Castro's Cuba in 1961) and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 as his two prime case studies. Later studies have evaluated and reformulated his groupthink model.".
- Groupthink wikiPageExternalLink 672%20Ferraris%20&%20Carveth.pdf.
- Groupthink wikiPageExternalLink papers.cfm?abstract_id=1791848.
- Groupthink wikiPageExternalLink article.asp?a=731.
- Groupthink wikiPageExternalLink Rose_V4I1_pp37-57.pdf.
- Groupthink wikiPageExternalLink 1979%20Identifying%20Victims%20of%20Groupthink.pdf.
- Groupthink wikiPageExternalLink 1992%20Assessing%20Political%20Group%20Dynamics....pdf.
- Groupthink wikiPageExternalLink alive_and_well_after_25_years.pdf.
- Groupthink wikiPageExternalLink group_effectiveness.pdf.
- Groupthink wikiPageExternalLink challengerarticle.pdf.
- Groupthink wikiPageExternalLink Packer%25252B%252525282009%25252529.pdf.
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- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink 2003_invasion_of_Iraq.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Abilene_paradox.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Abraham_Maslow.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink American_Soldier_Project.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Arthur_M._Schlesinger,_Jr..
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Asch_conformity_experiments.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Bandwagon_effect.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Blue_chip_(stock_market).
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink British_Airways.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Category:Cognitive_biases.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Category:Conformity.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Category:Consensus.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Category:Error.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Category:Group_processes.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Central_Intelligence_Agency.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Collective_narcissism.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Communication_studies.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Confirmation_bias.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Conformity.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Connotation.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Conservatism.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Construals.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Controversy.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Critical_thinking.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Cuban_Missile_Crisis.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Cult.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Cultural_diversity.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Decision-making.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Deindividuation.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Devils_advocate.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Dilemma.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Dissent.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Doublethink.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Dwight_D._Eisenhower.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Emotional_contagion.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Episodic_memory.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Ethical_dilemma.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Fidel_Castro.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink File:WilliamHWhyteJrGroupthinkFortuneMarch1952Page114.png.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Flow_(psychology).
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Fortune_(magazine).
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink General_Group_Problem_Solving_(GGPS)_Model.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink George_Orwell.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Group_cohesiveness.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Group_dynamics.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Group_polarization.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Groupshift.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Herd_behavior.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Homophily.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Identity_(social_science).
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink In-group_favoritism.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Ingroups_and_outgroups.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Irving_Janis.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink J._William_Fulbright.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Jean_Piaget.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink John_F._Kennedy.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Liberalism.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink London_Stock_Exchange.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Loyalty.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Lyndon_B._Johnson.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Major_League_Baseball.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Major_League_Umpires_Association.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Management.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Marks_&_Spencer.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Mindguard.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Multiculturalism.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Nazi_Germany.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Nineteen_Eighty-Four.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink No_soap_radio.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Norm_(social).
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Ochlocracy.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Organizational_dissent.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Organizational_studies.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Organizational_theory.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Parkinsons_law.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Peer_pressure.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Phenomenon.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Political_science.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Problem_solving.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Rationalization_(psychology).
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Saddam_Hussein.
- Groupthink wikiPageWikiLink Scapegoating.