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- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder abstract "Genetics play some role in the development of PTSD. Approximately 30% of the variance in PTSD is caused from genetics alone. For twin pairs exposed to combat in Vietnam, having a monozygotic (identical) twin with PTSD was associated with an increased risk of the co-twin's having PTSD compared to twins that were dizygotic (non-identical twins). There is also evidence that those with a genetically smaller hippocampus are more likely to develop PTSD following a traumatic event. Research has also found that PTSD shares many genetic influences common to other psychiatric disorders. Panic and generalized anxiety disorders and PTSD share 60% of the same genetic variance. Alcohol, nicotine, and drug dependence share greater than 40% genetic similarities.Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. A recent study reported significant interactions between three polymorphisms in the GABA alpha-2 receptor gene and the severity of childhood trauma in predicting PTSD in adults. A study found those with a specific genotype for G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2), a protein that decreases G protein-coupled receptor signaling, and high environmental stress exposure as adults and a diagnosis of lifetime PTSD. This was particularly prevalent in adults with prior trauma exposure and low social support.Recently, it has been found that several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) interact with childhood trauma to predict severity of adult PTSD. These findings suggest that individuals with these SNPs who are abused as children are more susceptible to PTSD as adults.This is particularly interesting given that FKBP5 SNPs have previously been associated with peritraumatic dissociation in medically injured children (that is, dissociation at the time of the birth trauma), which has itself been shown to be predictive of PTSD. Furthermore, FKBP5 may be less expressed in those with current PTSD. Another recent study found a single SNP in a putative estrogen response element on ADCYAP1R1 (encodes pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor or PAC1) to predict PTSD diagnosis and symptoms in females. Incidentally, this SNP is also associated with fear discrimination. The study suggests that perturbations in the PACAP-PAC1 pathway are involved in abnormal stress responses underlying PTSD.PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that requires an environmental event that individuals may have varied responses to so gene-environment studies tend to be the most indicative of their effect on the probability of PTSD then studies of the main effect of the gene. Recent studies have demonstrated the interaction between PFBP5 and childhood environment to predict the severity of PTSD. Polymorphisms in FKBP5 have been associated with peritraumatic dissociation in mentally ill children. A study of highly traumatized African-American subjects from inner city primary-care clinics indicated 4 polymorphisms of the FKBP5 gene, each of these functional. The interaction between the polymorphisms and the severity of childhood abuse predicts the severity of the adult PTSD symptoms. A more recent study of the African-American population indicated that the TT genotype of the FKBP5 gene is associated with the highest risk of PTSD among those having experienced childhood adversity, however those with this genotype that experienced no childhood adversity had the lowest risk of PTSD. In addition alcohol dependence interacts with the FKBP5 polymorphisms and childhood adversity to increase the risk of PTSD in these populations. Emergency room expression of the FKPB5 mRNA following trauma was shown to indicate a later development of PTSD.Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the extraneuronal breakdown of catecholamines. The gene that codes for COMT has a functional polymorphism in which a valine has been replaced with a methionine at codon 158. This polymorphism has lower enzyme activity and has been tied to slower breakdown of the catecholamines. A study, of Rwandan Genocide survivors, indicated that carriers of the Val allel demonstrated the expected response relationship between the higher number of lifetime traumatic events and a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD. However, those with homozygotes for the Met/Met genotype demonstrated a high risk of lifetime PTSD independent of the number of traumatic experiences. Those with Met/Met genotype also demonstrated a reduced extinction of conditioned fear responses with may account for the high risk for PTSD experienced by this genotype.Many genes impact the limbic-frontal neurocircuitry as a result of its complexity. The main effect of the D2A1 allele of the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) has a strong association with the diagnosis of PTSD. The D2A1 allele has also shown a significant association to PTSD in those having engaged in harmful drinking. In addition a polymorphism in the dopamine transporter SLC6A3 gene has a significant association with chronic PTSD. A polymorphism of the serotonin receptor 2A gene has been associated with PTSD in Korean women. The short allele of the promoter region of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) has been shown to be less efficient then the long allele and is associated with the amygdala response for extinction of fear conditioning. However, the short allele is associated with a decreased risk of PTSD in a low risk environment but a high risk of PTSD in a high risk environment. The s/s genotype demonstrated a high risk for development of PTSD even in response to a small number of traumatic events, but those with the l allele demonstrate increasing rates of PTSD with increasing traumatic experiences.Genome-wide association study (GWAS) offer an opportunity to identify novel risk variants for PTSD that will in turn inform our understanding of the etiology of the disorder. Early results indicate the feasibility and potential power of GWAS to identify biomarkers for anxiety-related behaviors that suggest a future of PTSD. These studies will lead to the discovery of novel loci for the susceptibility and symptomatology of anxiety disorders including PTSD.".
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- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageOutDegree "48".
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageRevisionID "643671321".
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink 5-HT_receptor.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink ADCYAP1R1.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Adaptation.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Alcohol_dependence.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Amygdala.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Biomarker.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Catechol-O-methyl_transferase.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Catecholamine.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Category:Genetics.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Category:Posttraumatic_stress_disorder.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Complex_post-traumatic_stress_disorder.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Cortisol.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Dissociation_(psychology).
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Dopamine_receptor_D2.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Dopamine_transporter.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Enzyme.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Epigenetics.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Etiology.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Evolutionary_psychology.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink FKBP5.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Fight-or-flight_response.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink G_protein–coupled_receptor.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Gene_expression.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Gene–environment_interaction.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Genome-wide_association_study.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Glucocorticoid.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Heredity.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Hippocampus.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Hormone_response_element.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal_axis.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Mammal.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Mental_disorder.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Methionine.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Neuroendocrinology.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Neurotransmitter.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Paleolithic.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Pituitary_adenylate_cyclase-activating_peptide.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Polymorphism_(biology).
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Posttraumatic_stress_disorder.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Serotonin_transporter.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Single-nucleotide_polymorphism.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Stockholm_syndrome.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Substance_dependence.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Valine.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageWikiLink Wikt:peritraumatic.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Dubious.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder subject Category:Genetics.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder subject Category:Posttraumatic_stress_disorder.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder comment "Genetics play some role in the development of PTSD. Approximately 30% of the variance in PTSD is caused from genetics alone. For twin pairs exposed to combat in Vietnam, having a monozygotic (identical) twin with PTSD was associated with an increased risk of the co-twin's having PTSD compared to twins that were dizygotic (non-identical twins). There is also evidence that those with a genetically smaller hippocampus are more likely to develop PTSD following a traumatic event.".
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder label "Genetics of posttraumatic stress disorder".
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder sameAs m.012fx5cf.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder wasDerivedFrom Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder?oldid=643671321.
- Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder isPrimaryTopicOf Genetics_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder.