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- Gastric_acid abstract "Gastric acid, also called gastric juice or stomach acid, is a digestive fluid, formed in the stomach. It is composed of hydrochloric acid (HCl) .05–0.1 M (roughly 5,000–10,000 parts per million) potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The acid plays a key role in digestion of proteins, by activating digestive enzymes, and making ingested proteins unravel so that digestive enzymes break down the long chains of amino acids.Gastric acid is produced by cells lining the stomach, which are coupled in feedback systems to increase acid production when needed. Other cells in the stomach produce bicarbonate, a base, to buffer the fluid, ensuring that it does not become too acidic. These cells also produce mucus, which forms a viscous physical barrier to prevent gastric acid from damaging the stomach. Cells in the beginning of the small intestine, or duodenum, further produce large amounts of bicarbonate to completely neutralize any gastric acid that passes further down into the digestive tract.The main constituent of gastric acid is hydrochloric acid which is produced by parietal cells (also called oxyntic cells) in the gastric glands in the stomach. Its secretion is a complex and relatively energetically expensive process. Parietal cells contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the hydrochloric acid is secreted into the lumen of the stomach. The pH of gastric acid is 1.5 to 3.5 in the human stomach lumen, the acidity being maintained by the proton pump H+/K+ ATPase. The parietal cell releases bicarbonate into the bloodstream in the process, which causes a temporary rise of pH in the blood, known as an alkaline tide.The highly acidic environment in the stomach lumen causes proteins from food to lose their characteristic folded structure (or denature). This exposes the protein's peptide bonds. The gastric chief cells of the stomach secrete enzymes for protein breakdown (inactive pepsinogen, and in infancy rennin). Hydrochloric acid activates pepsinogen into the enzyme pepsin, which then helps digestion by breaking the bonds linking amino acids, a process known as proteolysis. In addition, many microorganisms have their growth inhibited by such an acidic environment, which is helpful to prevent infection.".
- Gastric_acid thumbnail Determinants_of_Gastric_Acid_Secretion.svg?width=300.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageExternalLink 6-3.htm.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageExternalLink parietal.html.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageID "638449".
- Gastric_acid wikiPageLength "12536".
- Gastric_acid wikiPageOutDegree "117".
- Gastric_acid wikiPageRevisionID "707628779".
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Acetylcholine.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Achlorhydria.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Alexis_St._Martin.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Alkaline_tide.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Amino_acid.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Antacid.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Antiporter.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Artery.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Autonomic_nervous_system.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Bicarbonate.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Blood.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Buffering_agent.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_dioxide.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Carbonic_acid.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Carbonic_anhydrase.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Category:Acids.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Category:Body_fluids.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Category:Stomach.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Chlorine.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Cholecystokinin.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Chyme.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Chymosin.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Cytoplasm.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Delta_cell.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Denaturation_(biochemistry).
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Diffusion.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Digestion.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Digestive_enzyme.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Discovery_and_development_of_proton_pump_inhibitors.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Disinfectant.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Duodenum.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Entero-oxyntin.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Enterochromaffin-like_cell.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Enzyme.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Fistula.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink G_cell.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Gastric_chief_cell.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Gastric_glands.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Gastrin.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Gastrin-releasing_peptide.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Gastrointestinal_tract.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink H2_antagonist.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Helicobacter.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Histamine.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Hormone.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Hydrochloric_acid.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogen.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogen_potassium_ATPase.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Hypercalcaemia.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Infection.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Jejunum.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Lumen_(anatomy).
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Membrane_potential.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Metabolic_alkalosis.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Microorganism.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Molar_concentration.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Mucus.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Negative_feedback.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Neurotransmitter.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Neutralization_(chemistry).
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink PH.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Pancreas.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Parasympathetic_nervous_system.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Parietal_cell.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Parts-per_notation.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Pepsin.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Peptic_ulcer.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Peptide.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Peptide_bond.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Potassium_chloride.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Properties_of_water.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Protein.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Proteolysis.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Proton-pump_inhibitor.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Proton_pump.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink S_cell.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Secretin.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Sodium_bicarbonate.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Sodium_chloride.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Somatostatin.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Stomach.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Tonicity.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Vagus_nerve.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Vasoactive_intestinal_peptide.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Vibrio.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Volt.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink William_Beaumont.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink Zollinger–Ellison_syndrome.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLink File:Determinants_of_Gastric_Acid_Secretion.svg.
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLinkText "Gastric acid".
- Gastric_acid wikiPageWikiLinkText "Gastric secretions".