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- Gap_penalty abstract "The gap penalty is a scoring system used in bioinformatics for aligning a small portion of genetic code, more accurately, fragmented genetic sequence, also termed, reads against a reference genetic sequence (e.g. The Human Genome). The biological process of protein synthesis namely, transcription and translation or DNA replication can produce errors resulting in mutations in the final nucleic acid sequence. Therefore, in order to make more accurate decisions in aligning reads, mutations are annotated as gaps in the sequence. Gaps are penalised via various Gap Penalty scoring methods. Gaps in a DNA sequence result from either insertions or deletions in the sequence, sometimes referred to as indels. Insertions or deletions occur due to single mutations, unbalanced crossover in meiosis, slipped strand mispairing in the replication process and chromosomal translocation. In alignments gaps are represented as contiguous dashes on a protein/DNA sequence alignment. The scoring that occurs in Gap Penalty allows for the optimisation of sequence alignment in order to obtain the best alignment possible based on the information available. The three main types of gap penalties are constant, linear and affine gap penalty.The notion of a gap in an alignment is important in many biological applications, since the insertions or deletions comprise an entire sub-sequence and often occur from a single mutational event. Furthermore, single mutational events can create gaps of different sizes. Therefore, when scoring, the gaps need to be scored as a whole when aligning two sequences of DNA. Considering multiple gaps in a sequence as a larger single gap will reduce the assignment of a high cost to the mutations. For instance, two protein sequences may be relatively similar however, may differ at certain intervals as one protein may have a different subunit compared to the other. Representing these differing sub-sequences as gaps will allow us to treat these cases as “good matches” even though there are long consecutive runs with indel operations in the sequence. Therefore, using a good gap penalty model will avoid low scores in alignments and improve the chances of finding a true alignment.Gap Penalty applications can be applied outside biological cases. For instance, gap penalty is used in the diff function in Unix to compute the minimal difference between two files. Other applications include spell checking, plagiarism detection and speech recognition in software algorithms to name a few.".
- Gap_penalty thumbnail Sequence_gaps.JPG?width=300.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageExternalLink 649.full.pdf+html.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageID "1004764".
- Gap_penalty wikiPageLength "21278".
- Gap_penalty wikiPageOutDegree "24".
- Gap_penalty wikiPageRevisionID "704822626".
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink BLOSUM.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink Cancer.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink Category:Bioinformatics.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink Category:Computational_phylogenetics.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink Chromosomal_translocation.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink DNA_replication.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink DNA_sequencing.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink Deletion_(genetics).
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink Diff_utility.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink Dynamic_programming.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink Frameshift_mutation.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink Indel.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink Insertion_(genetics).
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink Mutation.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink Nucleic_acid_sequence.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink Sequence_alignment.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink Slipped_strand_mispairing.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink Substitution_matrix.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink Transcription_(genetics).
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink File:BLOSUM62.gif.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink File:Protein_alignment.jpg.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLink File:Sequence_gaps.JPG.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLinkText "Gap penalties".
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLinkText "Gap penalty".
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLinkText "affine gap penalty".
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLinkText "gap penalty".
- Gap_penalty wikiPageWikiLinkText "gap-scoring".
- Gap_penalty wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_journal.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Further.
- Gap_penalty wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Main.
- Gap_penalty subject Category:Bioinformatics.
- Gap_penalty subject Category:Computational_phylogenetics.
- Gap_penalty hypernym System.
- Gap_penalty type Biostatistic.
- Gap_penalty comment "The gap penalty is a scoring system used in bioinformatics for aligning a small portion of genetic code, more accurately, fragmented genetic sequence, also termed, reads against a reference genetic sequence (e.g. The Human Genome). The biological process of protein synthesis namely, transcription and translation or DNA replication can produce errors resulting in mutations in the final nucleic acid sequence.".
- Gap_penalty label "Gap penalty".
- Gap_penalty sameAs Q5521761.
- Gap_penalty sameAs Gap_penalty.
- Gap_penalty sameAs جریمه_پرش.
- Gap_penalty sameAs Penalidade_para_lacunas.
- Gap_penalty sameAs m.03yh4j.
- Gap_penalty sameAs Q5521761.
- Gap_penalty wasDerivedFrom Gap_penalty?oldid=704822626.
- Gap_penalty depiction Sequence_gaps.JPG.
- Gap_penalty isPrimaryTopicOf Gap_penalty.