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• Galápagos_tortoise abstract "The Galápagos tortoise or Galápagos giant tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra) is the largest living species of tortoise. Modern Galápagos tortoises can weigh up to 417 kg (919 lb). Today, giant tortoises exist only on two remote archipelagos: the Galápagos 1000 km due west of Ecuador, and Aldabra in the Indian Ocean, 700 km east of Tanzania.The tortoise is native to seven of the Galápagos Islands, a volcanic archipelago about 1,000 km (620 mi) west of the Ecuadorian mainland. With lifespans in the wild of over 100 years, it is one of the longest-lived vertebrates. A captive individual lived at least 170 years. Spanish explorers, who discovered the islands in the 16th century, named them after the Spanish galápago, meaning tortoise.Shell size and shape vary between populations. On islands with humid highlands, the tortoises are larger, with domed shells and short necks; on islands with dry lowlands, the tortoises are smaller, with \"saddleback\" shells and long necks. Charles Darwin's observations of these differences on the second voyage of the Beagle in 1835, contributed to the development of his theory of evolution.Tortoise numbers declined from over 250,000 in the 16th century to a low of around 3,000 in the 1970s. This decline was caused by overexploitation of the species for meat and oil, habitat clearance for agriculture, and introduction of non-native animals to the islands, such as rats, goats, and pigs. The extinction of most giant tortoise lineages is thought to have also been caused by predation by humans or human ancestors. Tortoise populations on at least three islands have become extinct in historical time due to human activities. Specimens of these extinct taxa exist in several museums and also are being subjected to DNA analysis. Ten subspecies of the original 15 survive in the wild; an 11th subspecies (C. n. abingdonii) had only a single known living individual, kept in captivity and nicknamed Lonesome George until his death in June 2012. Conservation efforts, beginning in the 20th century, have resulted in thousands of captive-bred juveniles being released onto their ancestral home islands, and the total number of the species is estimated to have exceeded 19,000 at the start of the 21st century. Despite this rebound, the species as a whole is classified as \"vulnerable\" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.".
• Galápagos_tortoise thumbnail Galapagos_giant_tortoise_Geochelone_elephantopus.jpg?width=300.
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• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageExternalLink tortoise.html.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageExternalLink geochelone-spp.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageExternalLink science-environment-16467397.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageID "7934681".
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageLength "116906".
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageOutDegree "218".
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageRevisionID "706931195".
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Abraham_Ortelius.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Albert_Günther.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Aldabra.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Aldabra_giant_tortoise.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink André_Marie_Constant_Duméril.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Archipelago.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink August_Friedrich_Schweigger.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Australia_Zoo.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Azolla.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Binomial_nomenclature.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Biological_dispersal.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Breeding_back.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Breeding_in_the_wild.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink British_Museum.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink CITES.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink California_Academy_of_Sciences.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Captive_breeding.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Carapace.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Category:Animals_described_in_1824.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Category:Chelonoidis.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Category:Endemic_fauna_of_the_Galápagos_Islands.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Category:Megafauna.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Chaco_tortoise.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Charles_Darwin.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Charles_Darwin_Foundation.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Charles_Darwin_Research_Station.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Chelonoidis.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Chelonoidis_donfaustoi.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Chelonoidis_nigra_chathamensis.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Chelonoidis_nigra_darwini.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Chelonoidis_nigra_hoodensis.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Chelonoidis_nigra_nigra.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Chelonoidis_nigra_phantastica.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Chelonoidis_nigra_porteri.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Chelonoidis_nigra_vicina.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Clade.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Claude_Perrault.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Cloaca.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Clutch_(eggs).
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Culling.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Darwins_finches.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink David_Porter_(naval_officer).
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Dominance_(ethology).
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Ecosystem_engineer.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Ectotherm.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Ecuador.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Evolution.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Extinct_in_the_wild.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Extinction.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Feral_animal.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Flagship_species.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Floreana_Island.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Fur_seal.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Gabriel_Bibron.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Galapagos_Conservation_Trust.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Galapagos_flycatcher.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Galapagos_hawk.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Galápagos_Islands.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Galápagos_wildlife.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Gene_flow.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Geochelone.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Georg_Baur.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Gerardus_Mercator.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Giant_tortoise.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Gigantothermy.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Glossary_of_scientific_naming.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Guava.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Habitat_destruction.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Harriet_(tortoise).
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Herbivore.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Humboldt_Current.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Hybrid_(biology).
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Island_gigantism.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Island_restoration.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink James_Colnett.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Jean_René_Constant_Quoy.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Johann_Gottlob_Theaenus_Schneider.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink John_Edward_Gray.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink John_Van_Denburgh.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Joseph_Paul_Gaimard.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Joseph_Richard_Slevin.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Keystone_species.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Land_bridge.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Lichen.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink List_of_longest-living_organisms.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Lonesome_George.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Manchineel.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Mascarene_Islands.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageWikiLink Mating.

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