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- Electroretinography abstract "Electroretinography measures the electrical responses of various cell types in the retina, including the photoreceptors (rods and cones), inner retinal cells (bipolar and amacrine cells), and the ganglion cells. Electrodes are usually placed on the cornea and the skin near the eye, although it is possible to record the ERG from skin electrodes. During a recording, the patient's eyes are exposed to standardized stimuli and the resulting signal is displayed showing the time course of the signal's amplitude (voltage). Signals are very small, and typically are measured in microvolts or nanovolts. The ERG is composed of electrical potentials contributed by different cell types within the retina, and the stimulus conditions (flash or pattern stimulus, whether a background light is present, and the colors of the stimulus and background) can elicit stronger response from certain components.If a dim flash ERG is performed on a dark-adapted eye, the response is primarily from the rod system. Flash ERGs performed on a light adapted eye will reflect the activity of the cone system. Sufficiently bright flashes will elicit ERGs containing an a-wave (initial negative deflection) followed by a b-wave (positive deflection). The leading edge of the a-wave is produced by the photoreceptors, while the remainder of the wave is produced by a mixture of cells including photoreceptors, bipolar, amacrine, and Muller cells or Muller glia. The pattern ERG (PERG), evoked by an alternating checkerboard stimulus, primarily reflects activity of retinal ganglion cells.Clinically used mainly by ophthalmologists and optometrists, the electroretinogram (ERG) is used for the diagnosis of various retinal diseases.Inherited retinal degenerations in which the ERG can be useful include:Retinitis pigmentosa and related hereditary degenerationsRetinitis punctata albescensLeber's congenital amaurosisChoroideremiaGyrate atrophy of the retina and choroidGoldman-Favre syndromeCongenital stationary night blindness - normal a-wave indicates normal photoreceptors; absent b-wave indicates abnormality in the bipolar cell region.X-linked juvenile retinoschisisAchromatopsiaCone dystrophyDisorders mimicking retinitis pigmentosaUsher SyndromeOther ocular disorders in which the standard ERG provides useful information include: Diabetic retinopathy Other ischemic retinopathies including central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), branch vein occlusion (BVO), and sickle cell retinopathy Toxic retinopathies, including those caused by Plaquenil and Vigabatrin. The ERG is also used to monitor retinal toxicity in many drug trials. Autoimmune retinopathies such as Cancer Associated Retinopathy (CAR), Melanoma Associated Retinopathy (MAR), and Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR) Retinal detachment Assessment of retinal function after trauma, especially in vitreous hemorrhage, dense cataracts, and other conditions where the fundus cannot be visualized.The ERG is also used extensively in eye research, as it provides information about the function of the retina that is not otherwise available.Other ERG tests, such as the Photopic Negative Response (PhNR) and pattern ERG (PERG) may be useful in assessing retinal ganglion cell function in diseases like glaucoma.The multifocal ERG is used to record separate responses for different retinal locations.The international body concerned with the clinical use and standardization of the ERG, EOG, and VEP is the International Society for the Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) In addition to its clinical diagnostic purpose, the ERG can be used during the course of drug development and in clinical trails for testing ocular safety and efficacy of new or existing drugs and treatment modalities".
- Electroretinography thumbnail Maximal_Response_ERG.png?width=300.
- Electroretinography wikiPageID "1594493".
- Electroretinography wikiPageLength "6494".
- Electroretinography wikiPageOutDegree "46".
- Electroretinography wikiPageRevisionID "703108699".
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Achromatopsia.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Acute_zonal_occult_outer_retinopathy.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Amacrine_cell.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Bipolar_neuron.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Category:Electrodiagnosis.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Category:Eye_procedures.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Central_retinal_vein_occlusion.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Choroideremia.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Cone_cell.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Cone_dystrophy.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Cornea.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Diabetic_retinopathy.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Electrode.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Electrography_(disambiguation).
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Electrooculography.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Evoked_potential.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Glaucoma.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Human_eye.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Hydroxychloroquine.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Lebers_congenital_amaurosis.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Muller_glia.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Multifocal_technique.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Nyctalopia.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Ophthalmology.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Ornithine_aminotransferase_deficiency.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Pattern_ERG.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Photopic_Negative_Response.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Photoreceptor_cell.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Retina.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Retinal_detachment.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Retinal_ganglion_cell.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Retinitis_pigmentosa.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Retinoschisis.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Rod_cell.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Stimulus_(physiology).
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Usher_syndrome.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink Vigabatrin.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink File:2014_ERG_test.jpg.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLink File:Electroretinogram.jpg.
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLinkText "ERG".
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLinkText "Electroretinography".
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLinkText "Electroretinography#Micro-ERG".
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLinkText "b-wave".
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLinkText "electroretinogram".
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLinkText "electroretinograms".
- Electroretinography wikiPageWikiLinkText "electroretinography".
- Electroretinography caption "Maximal response ERG waveform from a dark adapted eye.".
- Electroretinography icd "95.21".
- Electroretinography meshid "D004596".
- Electroretinography name "Electroretinography".
- Electroretinography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Distinguish2.
- Electroretinography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Electrodiagnosis.
- Electroretinography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Eye_procedures.
- Electroretinography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_interventions.
- Electroretinography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Redir.
- Electroretinography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Electroretinography subject Category:Electrodiagnosis.
- Electroretinography subject Category:Eye_procedures.
- Electroretinography type Thing.
- Electroretinography comment "Electroretinography measures the electrical responses of various cell types in the retina, including the photoreceptors (rods and cones), inner retinal cells (bipolar and amacrine cells), and the ganglion cells. Electrodes are usually placed on the cornea and the skin near the eye, although it is possible to record the ERG from skin electrodes.".
- Electroretinography label "Electroretinography".
- Electroretinography differentFrom Electrography_(disambiguation).
- Electroretinography sameAs Q681562.
- Electroretinography sameAs Elektroretinogramm.
- Electroretinography sameAs Electrorretinografía.
- Electroretinography sameAs Électrorétinogramme.
- Electroretinography sameAs Elettroretinografia.
- Electroretinography sameAs m.05f6c4.
- Electroretinography sameAs Electroretinogramă.
- Electroretinography sameAs Электроретинография.
- Electroretinography sameAs Q681562.
- Electroretinography wasDerivedFrom Electroretinography?oldid=703108699.
- Electroretinography depiction Maximal_Response_ERG.png.
- Electroretinography isPrimaryTopicOf Electroretinography.