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- EPO_362 abstract "Emergency Powers (No. 362) Order 1945 or EPO 362 (Statutory Rules and Orders No. 198 of 1945) was an Irish ministerial order which penalised members of the Irish Defence Forces who had deserted since the beginning of the Emergency proclaimed at the start of World War II, during which the state was neutral. The order deprived those affected of pension entitlements and unemployment benefits accrued prior to their desertion, and prohibited them from employment in the public sector for a period of seven years. Most of those affected had deserted to join the armed forces of belligerents: in almost all cases those of the Allies, and mainly the British Armed Forces.The order was made on 8 August 1945 by Éamon de Valera as Taoiseach in the then Government, using power granted to the government under the Emergency Powers Act 1939 passed on the outbreak of the War. The 1939 Act lapsed on 2 September 1946, and the order ipso facto lapsed, but was in effect continued by section 13 of the Defence Forces (Temporary Provisions) Act, 1946. While some deserters had been court-martialled by the time the order was issued, most were abroad: some still on active service, others demobilised but afraid to return. For such people, the order forestalled any court-martial or consequent punishment. The order only applied to members of the Army Reserve or who had enlisted for the duration of the Emergency; pre-war soldiers who deserted remained liable to court-martial. Canny lists four motivations for the order: as positive discrimination for those who had remained in the Defence Forces; to deter future desertions; to allow deserters to return to Ireland; and to provide a simpler, cheaper alternative to courts-martial. A list of personnel affected by the order was maintained by the government; it was published in 2011. Bernard Kelly has called the order \"a highly pragmatic piece of political calculation\".On 18 October 1945, T. F. O'Higgins proposed in the Dáil, seconded by Patrick McGilligan, that the order be annulled, and dubbed it the starvation order because of the hardship imposed. Richard Mulcahy objected that only enlisted men were covered, not officers. Matthew O'Reilly argued the order's penalties were in fact more lenient than those to which deserters would otherwise have been subject under military law. Canny states that in practice those covered by the order were more severely treated than those already arrested and tried. O'Higgins' motion was defeated.In the 2000s a campaign began for pardons for those who deserted to join the Allied forces. The Defence Forces (Second World War Amnesty and Immunity) Act 2013 provided an amnesty rather than a pardon, because the Constitution of Ireland provides that a pardon can only be granted individually by the President. The amnesty covered 4,634 people affected by the 1945 order or the 1946 act, and about 2,500 others who had been court-martialled or prosecuted in court. Michael Kennedy of the Royal Irish Academy has called for study of the motives and backgrounds of those who deserted, noting that desertion was highest in units near the Irish border.".
- EPO_362 wikiPageExternalLink DL052121.pdf.
- EPO_362 wikiPageExternalLink 20495095.
- EPO_362 wikiPageID "34228051".
- EPO_362 wikiPageLength "7805".
- EPO_362 wikiPageOutDegree "38".
- EPO_362 wikiPageRevisionID "658116999".
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Affirmative_action.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Allies_of_World_War_II.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Amnesty.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink British_Armed_Forces.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Category:1945_in_law.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Category:Defence_Forces_(Ireland).
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Category:Independent_Ireland_in_World_War_II.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Category:Ireland_and_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Category:Ireland–United_Kingdom_relations.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Category:Military_justice.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Constitution_of_Ireland.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Court-martial.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Defence_Forces_(Ireland).
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Desertion.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Dáil_Éireann.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Emergency_Powers_Act_1939.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Enlisted_rank.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Government_of_the_12th_Dáil.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Matthew_OReilly.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Military_justice.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Ministerial_order.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Officer_(armed_forces).
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Pardon.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Patrick_McGilligan.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink President_of_Ireland.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Public_sector.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Republic_of_Ireland–United_Kingdom_border.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Reserve_Defence_Forces.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Richard_Mulcahy.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Royal_Irish_Academy.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Statutory_rules_and_orders.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Taoiseach.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink The_Emergency_(Ireland).
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Thomas_F._OHiggins.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Unemployment_benefits.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink World_War_II.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLink Éamon_de_Valera.
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLinkText "EPO 362".
- EPO_362 wikiPageWikiLinkText "Emergency Powers (No. 362) order".
- EPO_362 wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_journal.
- EPO_362 wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_web.
- EPO_362 wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Orphan.
- EPO_362 wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- EPO_362 subject Category:1945_in_law.
- EPO_362 subject Category:Defence_Forces_(Ireland).
- EPO_362 subject Category:Independent_Ireland_in_World_War_II.
- EPO_362 subject Category:Ireland_and_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations.
- EPO_362 subject Category:Ireland–United_Kingdom_relations.
- EPO_362 subject Category:Military_justice.
- EPO_362 hypernym Order.
- EPO_362 type Eukaryote.
- EPO_362 comment "Emergency Powers (No. 362) Order 1945 or EPO 362 (Statutory Rules and Orders No. 198 of 1945) was an Irish ministerial order which penalised members of the Irish Defence Forces who had deserted since the beginning of the Emergency proclaimed at the start of World War II, during which the state was neutral.".
- EPO_362 label "EPO 362".
- EPO_362 sameAs Q7602635.
- EPO_362 sameAs m.0hzrn1p.
- EPO_362 sameAs Q7602635.
- EPO_362 wasDerivedFrom EPO_362?oldid=658116999.
- EPO_362 isPrimaryTopicOf EPO_362.