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- Dry_distillation abstract "Dry distillation is the heating of solid materials to produce gaseous products (which may condense into liquids or solids). The method may not involve Pyrolysis or Thermolysis. The products are condensed and collected. This method usually requires higher temperatures than classical distillation. The method has been used to obtain liquid fuels from coal and wood. It can also be used to break down mineral salts such as sulfates through thermolysis, in this case producing sulfur dioxide/sulfur trioxide gas which can be dissolved in water to obtain sulfuric acid. By this method sulfuric acid was first identified and artificially produced. When substances of vegetable origin, e.g. coal, oil shale, peat or wood, are heated in the absence of air (dry distillation), they decompose into gas, liquid products and coke/charcoal. The yield and chemical nature of the decomposition products depend on the nature of the raw material and the conditions under which the dry distillation is done. Decomposition within a temperature range of 450 to about 600°C is called Carbonization or low-temperature degassing. At temperatures above 900°C, the process is called Coking or high-temperature degassing. If coal is gasified to make coal gas or carbonized to make coke then Coal tar is among the by-products.When wood is heated above 270°C it begins a process of decomposition called carbonization. If air is absent the final product, since there is no oxygen present to react with the wood, is charcoal. If air, which contains oxygen, is present, the wood will catch fire and burn when it reaches a temperature of about 400-500°C and the fuel product is wood ash. If wood is heated away from air, first the moisture is driven off and until this is complete, the wood temperature remains at about 100-110°C. When the wood is dry its temperature rises and at about 270°C it begins to spontaneously decompose and, at the same time, heat is evolved. This is the well known exothermic reaction which takes place in charcoal burning. At this stage evolution of the by-products of wood carbonization starts. These substances are given off gradually as the temperature rises and at about 450°C the evolution is complete. The solid residue, charcoal, is mainly carbon (about 70%) and small amounts of tarry substances which can be driven off or decomposed completely only by raising the temperature to above about 600°CIn the common practice of charcoal burning using internal heating of the charged wood by burning a part of it, all the by-product vapours and gas escapes into the atmosphere as smoke. The by-products can be recovered by passing the off-gases through a series of water to yield so-called wood vinegar (Pyroligneous acid) and the non-condensible wood gas passes on through the condenser and may be burned to provide heat. The wood gas is only usable as fuel and consists typically of 17% methane; 2% hydrogen; 23% carbon monoxide; 38% carbon dioxide; 2% oxygen and 18% nitrogen. It has a gas calorific value of about 10.8 MJoules per m3 (290 BTU/cu.ft.) i.e. about one third the value of natural gas. When deciduous tree woods are subjected to distillation, the products are methanol (wood alcohol) and charcoal. The distillation of pine wood causes Pine tar and pitch to drip away from the wood and leave behind charcoal. Birch tar from Birch bark is a particularly fine tar, known as \"Russian oil\", suitable for leather protection. The by-products of wood tar are turpentine and charcoal.Tar kilns are dry distillation ovens, historically used in Scandinavia for producing tar from wood. They were built close to the forest, from limestone or from more primitive holes in the ground. The bottom is sloped into an outlet hole to allow the tar to pour out. The wood is split into dimensions of a finger, stacked densely, and finally covered tight with dirt and moss. If oxygen can enter, the wood might catch fire, and the production would be ruined. On top of this, a fire is stacked and lit. After a few hours, the tar starts to pour out and continues to do so for a few days.".
- Dry_distillation wikiPageID "595145".
- Dry_distillation wikiPageLength "5114".
- Dry_distillation wikiPageOutDegree "41".
- Dry_distillation wikiPageRevisionID "671895607".
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Birch_bark.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Birch_tar.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Carbonization.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Distillation.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Pyrolysis.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Charcoal.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Coal.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Coal_gas.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Coal_gasification.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Coal_oil.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Coal_tar.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Coke_(fuel).
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Condensation.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Deciduous.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Destructive_distillation.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Distillation.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Fuel.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Gas.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Gasworks.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Heat.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Leather.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Limestone.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Methanol.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Pine.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Pine_tar.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Pitch_(resin).
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Pyroligneous_acid.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Pyrolysis.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Russia.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Salt.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Solid.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Sulfate.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Sulfur_dioxide.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Sulfur_trioxide.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Sulfuric_acid.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Tar.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Thermal_decomposition.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Turpentine.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Vitriol.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLink Wood.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Dry distillation".
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLinkText "dry distillation".
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLinkText "dry distilled".
- Dry_distillation wikiPageWikiLinkText "dry distilling".
- Dry_distillation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Chem-stub.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Distillation.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Dry_distillation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Unreferenced.
- Dry_distillation subject Category:Distillation.
- Dry_distillation subject Category:Pyrolysis.
- Dry_distillation hypernym Heating.
- Dry_distillation type Company.
- Dry_distillation type Process.
- Dry_distillation type Reaction.
- Dry_distillation type Technique.
- Dry_distillation type Technology.
- Dry_distillation comment "Dry distillation is the heating of solid materials to produce gaseous products (which may condense into liquids or solids). The method may not involve Pyrolysis or Thermolysis. The products are condensed and collected. This method usually requires higher temperatures than classical distillation. The method has been used to obtain liquid fuels from coal and wood.".
- Dry_distillation label "Dry distillation".
- Dry_distillation sameAs Q185662.
- Dry_distillation sameAs تقطير_جاف.
- Dry_distillation sameAs Destil·lació_seca.
- Dry_distillation sameAs Tørdestillation.
- Dry_distillation sameAs Destilación_seca.
- Dry_distillation sameAs Kuivdestillatsioon.
- Dry_distillation sameAs تقطیر_خشک.
- Dry_distillation sameAs Kuivatislaus.
- Dry_distillation sameAs Distillation_sèche.
- Dry_distillation sameAs Distilasi_kering.
- Dry_distillation sameAs 乾留.
- Dry_distillation sameAs m.02tmbg.
- Dry_distillation sameAs Suha_destilacija.
- Dry_distillation sameAs Q185662.
- Dry_distillation sameAs 干馏.
- Dry_distillation wasDerivedFrom Dry_distillation?oldid=671895607.
- Dry_distillation isPrimaryTopicOf Dry_distillation.