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- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid abstract "A dense non-aqueous phase liquid or DNAPL is a denser-than-water NAPL, i.e. a liquid that is both denser than water and is immiscible in or does not dissolve in water.The term DNAPL is used primarily by environmental engineers and hydrogeologists to describe contaminants in groundwater, surface water and sediments. DNAPLs tends to sink below the water table when spilled in significant quantities and only stop when they reach impermeable bedrock. Their penetration into an aquifer makes them difficult to locate and remediate.Examples of materials that are DNAPLs when spilled include: chlorinated solvents, such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and carbon tetrachloride coal tar creosote polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) mercury extra heavy crude oil, with an API gravity of less than 10When spilled into the environment, chlorinated solvents are frequently present as DNAPL and the DNAPL can provide a long term secondary source of the chlorinated solvent to dissolved groundwater plumes. Chlorinated solvents are typically immiscible in water, having low solubility in water by definition, yet still have a solubility above the concentrations allowed by drinking water protections. Therefore, DNAPL which is a chlorinated solvent can act as an ongoing pathway for constituents to dissolve into groundwater. Common use of chlorinated solvents in manufacturing operations began during World War II, with the rate of usage for most solvents increasing into the 1970s. By the early 1980s, chemical analyses becoming available that documented widespread contamination of groundwater with chlorinated solvents. Since that time, a considerable effort has been extended to improve our ability to locate and remediate DNAPL present as chlorinated solvents.DNAPLs that are not viscous, such as chlorinated solvents, tend to sink into aquifer materials below the water table and become much more difficult to locate and remediate than non aqueous phase liquids that are lighter than water (LNAPLs) which tend to float at the water table when spilled into natural soils. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has focused considerable attention on the remediation of DNAPL which can be costly. Removal or in situ destruction of DNAPLs eliminates the potential exposure to the compounds in the environment and can be an effective method for remediation; however, at some DNAPL sites remediation of DNAPL may not be practicable, and containment may be the only viable remedial action. The USEPA has a program to address sites where DNAPL removal is not practicable for remediation projects under CERCLA under the Resource Conservation and Recovery ActDense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), have low solubility and are with viscosity markedly lower and density higher than water-asphalt, heavy oils, lubricants and also chlorinated solvents-penetrate the full depth of the aquifer and accumulate on its bottom.(2003 & Llamas 118)(2008 & Vrba 23) \"DNAPL movement follows the slope of the impermeable strata underlying the aquifer and can move in the opposite direction to the groundwater gradient.\"(2008 & Vrba 23)Groundwater remediation technologies have been developed that can address DNAPL in some settings. Excavation is not always practicable due to the depths of the DNAPL, the dispersed nature of the residual DNAPL, mobility caused during excavation, and complexities with near-by structures. Technologies that are emerging for treatment include the following in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) potassium permanganate hydrogen peroxide (with or without an iron catalyst) ozone sparging persulfate in situ enhanced reductive dechlorination in situ surfactant flushing air sparging heatingMost DNAPLs remain denser than water after they are released into the environment (e.g. spilled trichloroethene does not become lighter than water, it will remain denser than water). However, when the DNAPL is a more complex mixture, the density of the mixture can change over time as the mixture interacts with the natural environment. As an example, a mixture of trichloroethene and cutting oil may be released and originally be denser than water—a DNAPL. As the mixture of trichloroethene and oil is leached by groundwater, the trichloroethene may preferentially leach out of the oil and the mixture may become less dense then water and become buoyant (e.g. the liquid may become an LNAPL). Similarly changes can be seen at some coal gasification plants or manufactured gas plants where the tar mixtures can be denser than water, be neutrally buoyant or be less dense then water and the densities can change with time.".
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageExternalLink Overview.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageExternalLink IDSS-1.pdf.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageExternalLink guidancedocument.asp?TID=8.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageID "14871936".
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageLength "8028".
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageOutDegree "34".
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageRevisionID "654964098".
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink 1,1,1-Trichloroethane.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink API_gravity.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_tetrachloride.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Category:Hydrogeology.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Category:Organochlorides.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Coal_gasification.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Coal_tar.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Creosote.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Groundwater.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Groundwater_remediation.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Heavy_crude_oil.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogen_peroxide.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogeology.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Light_non-aqueous_phase_liquid.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Liquid.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Mercury_(element).
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Non-aqueous_phase_liquid.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Organochloride.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Ozone.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Persulfate.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Polychlorinated_biphenyl.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Potassium_permanganate.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Reductive_dechlorination.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Relative_density.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Resource_Conservation_and_Recovery_Act.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Superfund.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Tetrachloroethylene.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Trichloroethylene.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Water.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink Water_table.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLink World_War_II.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLinkText "DNAPL".
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLinkText "Dense non-aqueous phase liquid".
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLinkText "dense non-aqueous phase liquid".
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageWikiLinkText "dense nonaqueous phase liquids".
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Harv.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid subject Category:Hydrogeology.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid subject Category:Organochlorides.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid hypernym NAPL.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid type Organohalide.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid type Redirect.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid type Subfield.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid type Organohalide.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid comment "A dense non-aqueous phase liquid or DNAPL is a denser-than-water NAPL, i.e. a liquid that is both denser than water and is immiscible in or does not dissolve in water.The term DNAPL is used primarily by environmental engineers and hydrogeologists to describe contaminants in groundwater, surface water and sediments. DNAPLs tends to sink below the water table when spilled in significant quantities and only stop when they reach impermeable bedrock.".
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid label "Dense non-aqueous phase liquid".
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid sameAs Q902498.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid sameAs Schwerphase.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid sameAs DNAPL.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid sameAs DNAPL.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid sameAs 중소수성_액체.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid sameAs m.03g_qdq.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid sameAs Q902498.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid wasDerivedFrom Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid?oldid=654964098.
- Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid isPrimaryTopicOf Dense_non-aqueous_phase_liquid.