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- Cyclic_form abstract "This article is about the musical form. For the cyclic isomers of monosaccharides, see Monosaccharide#Structure and nomenclature.Cyclic form is a technique of musical construction, involving multiple sections or movements, in which a theme, melody, or thematic material occurs in more than one movement as a unifying device. Sometimes a theme may occur at the beginning and end (for example, in Mendelssohn's A minor String Quartet or Brahms's Symphony No. 3); other times a theme occurs in a different guise in every part (e.g. Berlioz, Symphonie Fantastique, and Saint-Saëns's 'Organ' Symphony.The technique has a complex history, having fallen into disuse in the Baroque and Classical eras, but steadily increasing in use during the nineteenth century (Randel 2003).The Renaissance cyclic mass, which incorporates a usually well-known portion of plainsong as a cantus firmus in each of its sections, is an early use of this principle of unity in a multiple-section form (Burkholder 2001). Examples can also be found in late-sixteenth- and seventeenth-century instrumental music, for instance in the canzonas, sonatas, and suites by composers such as Samuel Scheidt, in which a ground bass may recur in each movement (Macdonald 2001; Randel 2003). When the movements are short enough and begin to be heard as a single entity rather than many, the boundaries begin to blur between cyclic form and variation form.Cyclic technique is not typically found in the instrumental music of the most famous composers from the Baroque and 'high classical' eras, though it may still be found in the music of such figures as Luigi Boccherini and Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf (Macdonald 2001; Taylor 2011). It is hard to find overt instances of thematic recall between movements in Mozart, for example, and Haydn uses the technique on only a few occasions—such as at the end of the Symphony No. 31, where the music recalls the horn call heard at the very opening of the work (Webster 2002). In sacred vocal music, on the other hand, there are some important exceptional examples, such as Johann Sebastian Bach’s Mass in B minor and Mozart’s Mass in C major, K. 317 (Macdonald 2001).Although other composers were already using this technique, it is Beethoven's example that really popularised cyclic form for subsequent Romantics composers (Taylor 2011). In the Fifth Symphony a large part of the scherzo movement is recalled to end the finale's development section and lead into the recapitulation; the Ninth Symphony's finale rapidly presents explicit reminiscences of the three preceding movements before discovering the idea that is to be its own principal theme; while both the Piano Sonata Op. 101 and Cello Sonata Op. 102 No. 2 similarly recall earlier movements before their finales. Many composers in the nineteenth century followed Beethoven's lead. In the 1820s both Franz Schubert and the young Felix Mendelssohn wrote numerous important cyclic works: Schubert, in the Wanderer Fantasy (1822) created a '4-in-1' double-function design that would leave its mark decades later on Liszt, while Mendelssohn, in such works as the Octet (1825) and String Quartet No. 2 (1827) created highly integrated musical forms that proved influential for later Romantic composers (Taylor 2011). Another significant model was given by Hector Berlioz in his programmatic Symphonie Fantastique of 1830, whose 'idee fixe' serves as a cyclic theme throughout the five movements. By the 1840s the technique is already quite established, being found in several works by Robert Schumann, Fanny Hensel, Niels Gade, Franz Berwald, and the earliest compositions of César Franck (Strucken-Paland 2009). Mid-century, Franz Liszt in works such as the B minor Piano Sonata (1853) did a lot to popularize the cyclic techniques of thematic transformation and double-function form established by Schubert and Berlioz. Liszt’s sonata begins with a clear statement of several thematic units and each unit is extensively used and developed throughout the piece. By late in the century, cyclic form had become an extremely common principle of construction, most likely because the increasing length and complexity of multiple-movement works demanded a unifying method stronger than mere key relation. At the beginning of the twentieth century Vincent d'Indy, a pupil of Franck, promoted the use of the term 'cyclic' to describe the technique (Strucken-Paland 2009).The term is more debatable in cases where the resemblance is less clear, such as in the works of Beethoven, who used very basic fragments. Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 is an example of cyclic form in which a theme is used throughout the symphony, but with different orchestration. They all have the \"short-short-short-long\" four-note motive embedded into each movement.".
- Cyclic_form wikiPageID "738817".
- Cyclic_form wikiPageLength "12085".
- Cyclic_form wikiPageOutDegree "88".
- Cyclic_form wikiPageRevisionID "705064180".
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Baroque.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Camille_Saint-Saëns.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Cantus_firmus.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Carl_Ditters_von_Dittersdorf.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Category:Musical_form.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Clarinet_Quintet_(Brahms).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Classical_period_(music).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Coronation_Mass_(Mozart).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Cyclic_mass.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink César_Franck.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Double-Function_Form.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Fanny_Mendelssohn.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Faust_Symphony.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Felix_Mendelssohn.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Franz_Berwald.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Franz_Liszt.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Franz_Schubert.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Harold_en_Italie.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Hector_Berlioz.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Johann_Sebastian_Bach.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Johannes_Brahms.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink John_Tyrrell_(musicologist).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Ludwig_van_Beethoven.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Luigi_Boccherini.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Mass_in_B_minor.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Melody.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Monosaccharide.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Movement_(music).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Musical_form.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Niels_Gade.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Octet_(Enescu).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Octet_(Mendelssohn).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Ostinato.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Piano_Quintet_(Schumann).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Piano_Sextet_(Mendelssohn).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Piano_Sonata_No._13.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Piano_Sonata_No._1_(Brahms).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Piano_Sonata_No._28_(Beethoven).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Piano_Trio_No._2_(Schubert).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Plainsong.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Renaissance_music.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Robert_Schumann.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Samuel_Scheidt.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Section_(music).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Sonata_in_B_minor_(Liszt).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Stanley_Sadie.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink String_Quartet_(Franck).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink String_Quartet_No._1_(Mendelssohn).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink String_Quartet_No._2_(Mendelssohn).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink String_Quartet_No._3_(Brahms).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Subject_(music).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphonie_fantastique.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._1_(Elgar).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._1_(Enescu).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._1_(Rachmaninoff).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._2_(Elgar).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._2_(Kalinnikov).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._2_(Schumann).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._31_(Haydn).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._3_(Brahms).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._3_(Mendelssohn).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._3_(Saint-Saëns).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._46_(Haydn).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._4_(Schumann).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._4_(Tchaikovsky).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._5_(Tchaikovsky).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._6_(Prokofiev).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._8_(Bruckner).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._9_(Beethoven).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_No._9_(Dvořák).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Symphony_in_D_minor_(Franck).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Variation_(music).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Vincent_dIndy.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Violin_Sonata_(Franck).
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLink Wanderer_Fantasy.
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLinkText "Cycle".
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLinkText "Cyclic form".
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLinkText "Cyclic procedures".
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLinkText "cyclic form".
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLinkText "cyclic musical form".
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLinkText "cyclic principles".
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLinkText "cyclic unity".
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLinkText "cyclic".
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLinkText "cyclical structure".
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLinkText "cyclical".
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLinkText "cyclically".
- Cyclic_form wikiPageWikiLinkText "extended form".
- Cyclic_form reference "Burkholder, J. Peter. 2001. "Borrowing, §5: Renaissance Mass Cycles". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.".
- Cyclic_form reference "Chusid, Martin. 1964. "Schubert's Cyclic Compositions of 1824". Acta Musicologica 36, no. 1 : 37–45.".
- Cyclic_form reference "Macdonald, Hugh. 2001. "Cyclic Form". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.".
- Cyclic_form reference "Proksch, Bryan. 2006. "Cyclic Integration in the Instrumental Music of Haydn and Mozart." Ph.D. Diss. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.".
- Cyclic_form reference "Randel, Don Michael. 2003. “Cyclic Form”. The Harvard Dictionary of Music, fourth edition, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. ISBN 978-0674011632.".
- Cyclic_form reference "Rosen, Charles. 1995. The Romantic Generation. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.".
- Cyclic_form reference "Saffle, Michael. "Liszt's Sonata in B minor: Another Look at the 'Double Function' Question." JALS: The journal of the American Liszt Society 11 : 28-39.".