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- Countercurrent_chromatography abstract "Countercurrent chromatography (CCC, also known as \"counter-current\" or \"counter current\" chromatography) is an analytical chemistry technique that is used to separate, identify, and quantify the chemical components of a mixture. In its broadest sense, countercurrent chromatography encompasses a collection of related liquid chromatography techniques that employ two immiscible liquid phases without a solid support. The two liquid phases come in contact with each other as at least one phase is pumped through a column, a hollow tube or a series of chambers connected with channels, which contains both phases. The resulting dynamic mixing and settling action allows the components to be separated by their respective solubilities in the two phases. A wide variety of two phase solvent systems consisting of at least two immiscible liquids may be employed to provide the proper selectivity for the desired separation.Countercurrent chromatography and related liquid-liquid separation techniques have been used on both industrial and laboratory scale to purify a wide variety of chemical substances. Separation realizations include proteins, DNA,antibiotics, vitamins, natural products, pharmaceuticals, metal ions, pesticides, enantiomers, polyaromatic hydrocarbons from environmental samples, active enzymes, and carbon nanotubes. Countercurrent chromatography is known for its high dynamic range of scalability: milligram to kilogram quantities purified chemical components may be obtained with this technique. It also has the advantage of accommodating chemically complex samples with undissolved particulates.Some types of countercurrent chromatography, such as dual flow CCC, feature a true countercurrent process where the two immiscible phases flow past each other and exit at opposite ends of the column. More often, however, one liquid acts as the stationary phase and is retained in the column while the mobile phase is pumped through it. The liquid stationary phase is held in place by gravity or by centrifugal force. An example of a gravity method is called droplet counter current chromatography (DCCC). There are two modes by which the stationary phase is retained by centrifugal force: hydrostatic and hydrodynamic. In the hydrostatic method, the column, a series of chambers connected by channels, is rotated about a central axis. Hydrostatic instruments are marketed under the name centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). Hydrodynamic instruments are often marketed as high-speed or high-performance countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC and HPCCC respectively) instruments which rely on the Archimedes' screw force in a helical coil to retain the stationary phase in the column.The components of a CCC system are similar to most liquid chromatography configurations such as HPLC. One or more pumps deliver the phases to the column which is the CCC instrument itself. Samples are introduced into the column through a sample loop filled with as automated or manual syringe. The outflow is monitored with various detectors such as UV-vis or Mass Spectrometry. The operation of the pumps, CCC instrument, sample injection, and detection may controlled manually or with a microprocessor.".
- Countercurrent_chromatography thumbnail Partitioning_coefficient_(Kd).jpg?width=300.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageID "30862402".
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageLength "64916".
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageOutDegree "59".
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageRevisionID "707048591".
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Acid_dissociation_constant.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Adsorption.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Aliquat_336.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Alkane.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Archer_Martin.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Cardioid.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Category:Chromatography.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Centrifugal_extractor.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Centrifugal_force.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Centrifuge.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Chromatography.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Column_chromatography.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Countercurrent_distribution.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Diatomaceous_earth.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Distribution_constant.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Droplet_countercurrent_chromatography.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink File:CPC_Twin_Cell.jpg.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Fluid_dynamics.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink G-force.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Gas_chromatography.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Good_manufacturing_practice.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Heptane.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Hexane.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink High-performance_liquid_chromatography.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink History_of_chromatography.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Hydrostatics.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Ionic_liquid.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Lyman_C._Craig.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Mass_transfer.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Matrix_(chemical_analysis).
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Miscibility.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Paper_chromatography.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Partition_coefficient.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Quaternary_ammonium_cation.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Research_and_development.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Reversed-phase_chromatography.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Separatory_funnel.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Silica_gel.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Supercritical_fluid_chromatography.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Surface-area-to-volume_ratio.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Theoretical_plate.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink Thin-layer_chromatography.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink File:HPCCC_system.jpg.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLink File:Partitioning_coefficient_(Kd).jpg.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLinkText "Countercurrent chromatography".
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLinkText "countercurrent chromatography".
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageWikiLinkText "liquid–liquid separation".
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Chromatography.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Commons_category.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Expert_subject.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Multiple_issues.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove_section.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Tone.
- Countercurrent_chromatography subject Category:Chromatography.
- Countercurrent_chromatography hypernym Technique.
- Countercurrent_chromatography type TopicalConcept.
- Countercurrent_chromatography type Process.
- Countercurrent_chromatography type Technique.
- Countercurrent_chromatography comment "Countercurrent chromatography (CCC, also known as \"counter-current\" or \"counter current\" chromatography) is an analytical chemistry technique that is used to separate, identify, and quantify the chemical components of a mixture. In its broadest sense, countercurrent chromatography encompasses a collection of related liquid chromatography techniques that employ two immiscible liquid phases without a solid support.".
- Countercurrent_chromatography label "Countercurrent chromatography".
- Countercurrent_chromatography sameAs Q1498317.
- Countercurrent_chromatography sameAs Gegenstromverteilungschromatographie.
- Countercurrent_chromatography sameAs m.06gsqv.
- Countercurrent_chromatography sameAs Противоточная_хроматография.
- Countercurrent_chromatography sameAs Q1498317.
- Countercurrent_chromatography wasDerivedFrom Countercurrent_chromatography?oldid=707048591.
- Countercurrent_chromatography depiction Partitioning_coefficient_(Kd).jpg.
- Countercurrent_chromatography isPrimaryTopicOf Countercurrent_chromatography.