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- Cortical_reaction abstract "The cortical reaction is a process initiated during fertilization by the release of cortical granules from the egg which prevents polyspermy, the fusion of multiple sperm with one egg. In contrast to the fast block of polyspermy which immediately but temporarily blocks additional sperm from fertilizing the egg, the cortical reaction gradually establishes a permanent barrier to sperm entry and functions as the main part of the slow block of polyspermy in many animals.To create this barrier cortical granules, specialized secretory vesicles located within the egg's cortex (the region directly below the plasma membrane), are fused with the egg's plasma membrane, causing the contents of the cortical granules to be released outside the cell where they modify an existing extracellular matrix to make it impenetrable to sperm entry. The cortical granules contain proteases that clip perivitelline tether proteins, peroxidases that harden the vitelline envelope, and glycosaminoglycans that attract water into the perivitelline space, causing it to expand and form the hyaline layer. The trigger for the cortical granules to exocytose is the release of calcium ions from cortical smooth endoplasmic reticulum in response to sperm binding to the egg.In most animals the extracellular matrix present around the egg is the vitelline envelope which becomes the fertilization membrane following the cortical reaction. In mammals, however, the extracellular matrix modified by the cortical reaction is the zona pellucida. This modification of the zona pellucida is known as the zona reaction. Although highly conserved across the animal kingdom, the cortical reaction shows great diversity between species. While much has been learned about the identity and function of the contents of the cortical granules in the highly accessible sea urchin, little is known about the contents of cortical granules in mammals.The cortical reaction within the egg is analogous to the acrosomal reaction within the sperm, where the acrosome, a specialized secretory vesicle that is homologous to cortical granules, is fused with the plasma membrane of the sperm cell to release its contents which degrade the egg's tough coating and allow the sperm to bind to and fuse with the egg.".
- Cortical_reaction grayPage "38".
- Cortical_reaction graySubject "3".
- Cortical_reaction meshName "Zona+Pellucida".
- Cortical_reaction meshNumber "A05.360.490.690.950".
- Cortical_reaction thumbnail Gray3.png?width=300.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageExternalLink 2084.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageID "3415656".
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageLength "5080".
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageOutDegree "29".
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageRevisionID "662104022".
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Acrosome_reaction.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Category:Developmental_biology.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Category:Germ_cells.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Category:Reproductive_system.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Cell_cortex.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Colloid.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Corona_radiata_(embryology).
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Cortical_granule.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Egg_cell.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Endoplasmic_reticulum.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Exocytosis.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Fertilisation.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Glycosaminoglycan.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Hyaline_layer.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Osmotic_pressure.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Peroxidase.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Polyspermy.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Protease.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Sea_urchin.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Vesicle_(biology_and_chemistry).
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Vitelline_membrane.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLink Zona_pellucida.
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLinkText "Cortical reaction".
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLinkText "cortical granules".
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageWikiLinkText "cortical reaction".
- Cortical_reaction caption "Human ovum. The zona pellucida is seen as a thick clear girdle surrounded by the cells of the Corona radiata.".
- Cortical_reaction graypage "38".
- Cortical_reaction graysubject "3".
- Cortical_reaction image "Gray3.png".
- Cortical_reaction meshname "Zona+Pellucida".
- Cortical_reaction meshnumber "A05.360.490.690.950".
- Cortical_reaction name "Cortical reaction".
- Cortical_reaction wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_anatomy.
- Cortical_reaction subject Category:Developmental_biology.
- Cortical_reaction subject Category:Germ_cells.
- Cortical_reaction subject Category:Reproductive_system.
- Cortical_reaction hypernym Process.
- Cortical_reaction type AnatomicalStructure.
- Cortical_reaction type Election.
- Cortical_reaction type Cell.
- Cortical_reaction type Thing.
- Cortical_reaction type Q4936952.
- Cortical_reaction comment "The cortical reaction is a process initiated during fertilization by the release of cortical granules from the egg which prevents polyspermy, the fusion of multiple sperm with one egg.".
- Cortical_reaction label "Cortical reaction".
- Cortical_reaction sameAs Q2917070.
- Cortical_reaction sameAs Reacción_cortical.
- Cortical_reaction sameAs תגובה_קורטיקלית.
- Cortical_reaction sameAs Reakcja_korowa.
- Cortical_reaction sameAs m.09b9kt.
- Cortical_reaction sameAs Q2917070.
- Cortical_reaction wasDerivedFrom Cortical_reaction?oldid=662104022.
- Cortical_reaction depiction Gray3.png.
- Cortical_reaction isPrimaryTopicOf Cortical_reaction.
- Cortical_reaction name "Cortical reaction".