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- Cooperstown_cocktail abstract "The Cooperstown cocktail refers to a panel of four drug probes used in human pharmacokinetic studies to determine the activity of drug metabolising enzymes. The terminology 'cocktail' refers to the fact that the drug probes are given together.The Cooperstown cocktail consists of four drugs that are considered specific substrates for four cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms. One of the drugs (caffeine) provides, through its metabolites, substrates for two additional enzymes (see next paragraph).The drugs and the enzymes they probe are as follows - caffeine (probes CYP1A2, N-acetyltransferase 2, xanthine oxidase), midazolam (probes CYP3A), omeprazole (probes CYP2C19) and dextromethorphan (probes CYP2D6). After giving the cocktail, the concentrations of the drugs and their metabolites in plasma (for midazolam and omeprazole) and urine (for caffeine and dextromethorphan) are determined at various times. By analysing these concentrations, it is possible to determine the activity (i.e. the phenotype) of the relevant enzyme. Caffeine can be used as a probe for three different enzymes by measuring several of its urinary metabolites and comparing their relative concentrations.The 'Cooperstown 5 + 1 cocktail', in addition to the four drug probes mentioned above, incorporates warfarin as well. Warfarin (actually the S-warfarin enantiomer) is a specific probe for CYP2C9. The '+ 1' refers to the vitamin K that is given together with the warfarin to prevent any anticoagulant effect.The Cooperstown cocktail and the Cooperstown 5 + 1 cocktail are powerful tools for investigating the activity of important drug metabolising enzymes. They are used in human drug interaction studies in which the ability of a study drug to inhibit or induce cytochrome p450 enzymes is studied.".
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageID "31190054".
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageLength "2688".
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageOutDegree "18".
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageRevisionID "678192952".
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink CYP1A2.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink CYP2C19.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink CYP2D6.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink CYP3A.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink Caffeine.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink Category:Combination_drugs.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink Category:Pharmacokinetics.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink Cytochrome_P450.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink Dextromethorphan.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink Drug_interaction.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink Drug_metabolism.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink Enantiomer.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink Midazolam.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink N-acetyltransferase_2.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink Omeprazole.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink Pharmacokinetics.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink Warfarin.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageWikiLink Xanthine_oxidase.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Orphan.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Cooperstown_cocktail subject Category:Combination_drugs.
- Cooperstown_cocktail subject Category:Pharmacokinetics.
- Cooperstown_cocktail type Science.
- Cooperstown_cocktail comment "The Cooperstown cocktail refers to a panel of four drug probes used in human pharmacokinetic studies to determine the activity of drug metabolising enzymes. The terminology 'cocktail' refers to the fact that the drug probes are given together.The Cooperstown cocktail consists of four drugs that are considered specific substrates for four cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms.".
- Cooperstown_cocktail label "Cooperstown cocktail".
- Cooperstown_cocktail sameAs Q5167959.
- Cooperstown_cocktail sameAs m.0gj9m2t.
- Cooperstown_cocktail sameAs Q5167959.
- Cooperstown_cocktail wasDerivedFrom Cooperstown_cocktail?oldid=678192952.
- Cooperstown_cocktail isPrimaryTopicOf Cooperstown_cocktail.