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- Constitutional_Coup abstract "The Constitutional Coup was the dismissal of Pakistani Prime Minister Khawaja Nazimuddin's government in 1953 by Governor General Ghulam Mohammad despite the Prime Minister enjoying the support of the Constituent Assembly and the subsequent dismissal of Pakistan's first constituent Assembly by the Governor-General in 1954.Ghulam Mohammad dismissed the Nazimuddin government with General Ayub Khan's backing in April 1953 although the government had won the confidence of the House only a fortnight earlier. General Ayub himself admitted at a news conference at the Governor's House in Karachi in October 1964, that \"when there was a conflict between him (Khawaja Nazimuddin) and Governor-General, I decided to side with the Governor-General.\"On 21 September 1954, the Constituent Assembly amended the Government of India Act 1935. The amendments precluded the Governor-General from acting except on the advice of his ministers. In retaliation Ghulam Mohammad dissolved the Constituent Assembly itself, at a time when it had almost finalized the draft of the constitution, only because the members of the Assembly's sub-committee had decided to curtail his powers. And this he did with the active support of General Ayub Khan.His action was condoned by the federal judiciary in particular by Justice Munir. Justice Munir, ruled in favour of the dismissal in the Molvi Tamizuddin Khan's case, declaring that the Assembly was not a sovereign body. Munir declared that the Constitutional Assembly had \"lived in a fool's paradise if ever seized with the notion that it was the sovereign body of the state.\" According to Munir, the independence Jinnah gained for his country was restricted by the prerogative rights of the English Crown. He adopted the argument made to the court by Lord Diplock that Pakistan did not become independent in 1947; it had attained a status the same as that Munir felt the senior Dominions possessed, virtually indistinguishable from independence.The conclusion reached by Justice Cornelius in his dissenting opinion was entirely different. He answered Munir's interpretation of Commonwealth history with his own understanding of the meaning of a dominion. He maintained that the historical fact was that Pakistan had been created with complete independence, and he pointed to what he believed to be clear differences in the status of the senior dominions and the new dominion of Pakistan. Cornelius stressed that Pakistan was an independent state.According to Allen McGrath, author of the Destruction of Pakistan's Democracy, when Munir denied the existence of the Assembly's sovereignty, he destroyed Pakistan's existing constitutional basis. He did further harm when he did not indicate where sovereignty resided. He thereby created a vacuum which was an opportunity for Ghulam Mohammad.To support Ghulam Mohammad's use of non-constitutional emergency powers, Munir found it necessary to move beyond the constitution to what he claimed was the common law, to general legal maxims, and to English historical precedent. He relied on Bracton's maxim \"that which is otherwise not lawful is made lawful by necessity\", and the Roman law maxim urged by Jennings, \"the well-being of the people is the supreme law.\" This was to be used as legal justification for all subsequent martial laws.This coup marked the end of the Muslim League created by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the beginning of the overt assumption of power by the Pakistan bureaucracy with the military's assistance. By 1958 the military was to step in openly.".
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageID "5213868".
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageLength "4395".
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageOutDegree "21".
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageRevisionID "657262113".
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Alvin_Robert_Cornelius.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Ayub_Khan_(general).
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Category:Constitution_of_Pakistan.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Category:Military_terminology_of_Pakistan.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Category:Political_history_of_Pakistan.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Category:Political_terminology_in_Pakistan.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Category:Post-independence_history_of_Pakistan.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Constituent_Assembly_of_Pakistan.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Establishment_(Pakistan).
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Government_of_India_Act_1935.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Governor-General_of_Pakistan.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Governors_House_(Karachi).
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Karachi.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Kenneth_Diplock,_Baron_Diplock.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Khawaja_Nazimuddin.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Malik_Ghulam_Muhammad.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Muhammad_Munir.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Muslim_League_(Pakistan).
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink One_Unit.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLink Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLinkText "April 17, 1953".
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageWikiLinkText "Constitutional Coup".
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
- Constitutional_Coup wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Constitutional_Coup subject Category:Constitution_of_Pakistan.
- Constitutional_Coup subject Category:Military_terminology_of_Pakistan.
- Constitutional_Coup subject Category:Political_history_of_Pakistan.
- Constitutional_Coup subject Category:Political_terminology_in_Pakistan.
- Constitutional_Coup subject Category:Post-independence_history_of_Pakistan.
- Constitutional_Coup hypernym Dismissal.
- Constitutional_Coup type Redirect.
- Constitutional_Coup comment "The Constitutional Coup was the dismissal of Pakistani Prime Minister Khawaja Nazimuddin's government in 1953 by Governor General Ghulam Mohammad despite the Prime Minister enjoying the support of the Constituent Assembly and the subsequent dismissal of Pakistan's first constituent Assembly by the Governor-General in 1954.Ghulam Mohammad dismissed the Nazimuddin government with General Ayub Khan's backing in April 1953 although the government had won the confidence of the House only a fortnight earlier. ".
- Constitutional_Coup label "Constitutional Coup".
- Constitutional_Coup sameAs Q5164288.
- Constitutional_Coup sameAs m.0d85n3.
- Constitutional_Coup sameAs Q5164288.
- Constitutional_Coup wasDerivedFrom Constitutional_Coup?oldid=657262113.
- Constitutional_Coup isPrimaryTopicOf Constitutional_Coup.