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- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction abstract "Climate: Long range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction, known as CLIMAP, was a major research project of the 1970s and 80s to produce a map of climate conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum. The project was funded by the National Science Foundation as part of the International Decade of Ocean Exploration (1970s) and is based in large part of the collection and analysis of a very large number of sediment cores to create a snapshot of conditions across the oceans. The CLIMAP project also resulted in maps of vegetative zones across the continents and the estimated extent of glaciation at the time. Most CLIMAP results aim to describe the Earth as it was 18 thousand years ago, but there was also an analysis to look at conditions during the previous interglacial—120 thousand years ago (CLIMAP 1981).CLIMAP has been a cornerstone of paleoclimate research and remains the most used sea surface temperature reconstruction of the global ocean during the last glacial maximum (Yin and Battisti 2001), but it has also been persistently controversial. CLIMAP resulted in estimates of global cooling of only 3.0 ± 0.6°C relative to the modern day (Hoffert and Covey 1992). The climate change during an ice age that occurs far from the continental ice sheets themselves is believed to be primarily controlled by changes in greenhouse gases, hence the conditions during the last glacial maximum provide a natural experiment for measuring the impact of changes in greenhouse gases on climate. The cited estimates of 3.0 °C implies a climate sensitivity to carbon dioxide changes at the low end of the range proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [1].However, CLIMAP also suggested that some of the tropics and in particular much of the Pacific Ocean were warmer than they are today. To date, no climate model has been able to reproduce the proposed warming in the Pacific (Yin and Battisti 2001), with most preferring a several degree cooling. Also, it appears that climate models which are forced to match the CLIMAP sea surface measurements are too warm to match estimates for changes at continental locations (Pinot et al. 1999). This suggests that either climate model design is missing some important unknown factor, or CLIMAP systematically overestimated the temperatures in the tropical oceans during the last glacial, though there is at present no consistent explanation for why or how this should have happened. Unfortunately cost and difficulty of collecting sediment cores from the open Pacific has limited the availability of samples that might help to confirm or disprove these observations. If the Pacific reconstruction is assumed to be in error, it would result in a larger climate sensitivity to changes in greenhouse gases.".
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- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageExternalLink motif.lsce.ipsl.fr.
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- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_dioxide.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink Category:Climate_history.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink Category:Climate_institutions_and_programs.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink Climate.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink Climate_change.
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- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink Ice_age.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink Ice_sheet.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink Interglacial.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink International_Decade_of_Ocean_Exploration.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink Last_Glacial_Maximum.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink Map.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink National_Science_Foundation.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink Ocean.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink Pacific_Ocean.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink Paleoclimatology.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink Tropics.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLink File:CLIMAP.jpg.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageWikiLinkText "Climate: Long range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction".
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- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_journal.
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- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction subject Category:Climate_history.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction subject Category:Climate_institutions_and_programs.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction hypernym Project.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction type Band.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction comment "Climate: Long range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction, known as CLIMAP, was a major research project of the 1970s and 80s to produce a map of climate conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum. The project was funded by the National Science Foundation as part of the International Decade of Ocean Exploration (1970s) and is based in large part of the collection and analysis of a very large number of sediment cores to create a snapshot of conditions across the oceans.".
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction label "Climate: Long range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction".
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction sameAs Q5133391.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction sameAs m.0dk8jk.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction sameAs İklim:_Uzun_Menzilli_Araştırma,_Haritalama_ve_Tahmin.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction sameAs Q5133391.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction wasDerivedFrom Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction?oldid=697457739.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction depiction CLIMAP.jpg.
- Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction isPrimaryTopicOf Climate:_Long_range_Investigation,_Mapping,_and_Prediction.