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- Carl_Niemann abstract "Carl George Niemann (July 6, 1908 - April 29, 1964) was an American biochemist who worked extensively on the chemistry and structure of proteins, publishing over 260 research papers. He is known, with Max Bergmann, for proposing the Bergmann-Niemann hypothesis that proteins consist of 288 residue polypeptides or multiples thereof with periodic sequences of amino acids, and for contributing to the downfall of the cyclol model of protein structure.Niemann was born in St. Louis and attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison. After completing his Ph.D. in biochemistry there in 1934 and staying on as research associate until 1935, Niemann took a position at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, where he worked with the eminent protein chemist Max Bergmann. Niemann analyzed the amino acid content of range of proteins. Based on Niemann's tests and other published protein analyses, Bergann and Niemann deduced that the sizes of protein molecules are always multiples of 288 and could be expressed according to the formula 2n X 3m. They also suggested that in the polypeptides of a given protein, amino acids occurred in a regular, repeating pattern; for example, they proposed that silk fibroin, known to consist mainly of glycine and alanine, had a sequence of glycine-alanine-glycine-[other], with the glycine/alanine pattern making up three of every four amino acids and other residues falling periodically into the fourth spot. Niemann worked with Bergann on this theory from 1936–1938; by 1939, they came to reject the theory as other biochemists provided evidence contradicting their proposed formula.After his work at the Rockefeller Institute and at the University College Hospital as a Rockefeller Foundation Fellow, and with strong support from Warren Weaver, Niemann joined Linus Pauling's Crellin Laboratory at Caltech in 1938. In 1939, Niemann and Linus Pauling published a strong critique of Dorothy Wrinch's cyclol hypothesis of protein structure, which held that globular proteins formed inter-linked, cage-like polyhedral structures. Niemann and Pauling argued that X-ray crystallography and other data indicated that cyclol bonds did not occur in proteins and that polypeptides were held together in globular proteins by hydrogen bonds and weaker intermolecular forces. He went on to head research in immunochemistry and the organic chemistry of proteins.In 1945, Niemann became of full professor at Caltech. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1952, and was also elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the New York Academy of Sciences. He died of a heart attack, according to his eulogizer John D. Roberts, \"at the very height of his career\".".
- Carl_Niemann birthDate "1908-07-06".
- Carl_Niemann birthYear "1908".
- Carl_Niemann deathDate "1964-04-29".
- Carl_Niemann deathYear "1964".
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageExternalLink carl.pdf.
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- Carl_Niemann wikiPageRevisionID "605283082".
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Alanine.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Bergmann-Niemann_hypothesis.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink California_Institute_of_Technology.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Category:1908_births.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Category:1964_deaths.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Category:American_biochemists.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Category:California_Institute_of_Technology_faculty.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Category:Members_of_the_United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Category:University_of_Wisconsin–Madison_alumni.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Crellin_Laboratory.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Cyclol.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Dihedral_group.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Dorothy_Maud_Wrinch.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Fibroin.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Globular_protein.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Glycine.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogen_bond.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Immunochemistry.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Intermolecular_force.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink John_D._Roberts.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Linus_Pauling.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Max_Bergmann.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Myocardial_infarction.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink National_Academy_of_Sciences.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink New_York_Academy_of_Sciences.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Organic_chemistry.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Rockefeller_University.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink St._Louis.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink University_College_Hospital.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Wisconsin–Madison.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink Warren_Weaver.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLink X-ray_crystallography.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageWikiLinkText "Carl Niemann".
- Carl_Niemann dateOfBirth "1908-07-06".
- Carl_Niemann dateOfDeath "1964-04-29".
- Carl_Niemann name "Niemann, Carl".
- Carl_Niemann shortDescription "American biochemist".
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Biographical_Memoirs.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_journal.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Persondata.
- Carl_Niemann wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Carl_Niemann description "American biochemist".
- Carl_Niemann description "American biochemist".
- Carl_Niemann subject Category:1908_births.
- Carl_Niemann subject Category:1964_deaths.
- Carl_Niemann subject Category:American_biochemists.
- Carl_Niemann subject Category:California_Institute_of_Technology_faculty.
- Carl_Niemann subject Category:Members_of_the_United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences.
- Carl_Niemann subject Category:University_of_Wisconsin–Madison_alumni.
- Carl_Niemann hypernym Biochemist.
- Carl_Niemann type Agent.
- Carl_Niemann type Biologist.
- Carl_Niemann type Person.
- Carl_Niemann type Scientist.
- Carl_Niemann type Person.
- Carl_Niemann type Biologist.
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- Carl_Niemann type NaturalPerson.
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- Carl_Niemann type Q215627.
- Carl_Niemann type Q5.
- Carl_Niemann type Person.
- Carl_Niemann comment "Carl George Niemann (July 6, 1908 - April 29, 1964) was an American biochemist who worked extensively on the chemistry and structure of proteins, publishing over 260 research papers. He is known, with Max Bergmann, for proposing the Bergmann-Niemann hypothesis that proteins consist of 288 residue polypeptides or multiples thereof with periodic sequences of amino acids, and for contributing to the downfall of the cyclol model of protein structure.Niemann was born in St.".
- Carl_Niemann label "Carl Niemann".
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- Carl_Niemann wasDerivedFrom Carl_Niemann?oldid=605283082.
- Carl_Niemann givenName "Carl".
- Carl_Niemann isPrimaryTopicOf Carl_Niemann.
- Carl_Niemann name "Carl Niemann".
- Carl_Niemann name "Niemann, Carl".
- Carl_Niemann surname "Niemann".