Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Carbohydrate_metabolism> ?p ?o }
- Carbohydrate_metabolism abstract "Carbohydrate metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the formation, breakdown and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms.The most important carbohydrate is glucose, a simple sugar (monosaccharide) that is metabolized by nearly all known organisms. Glucose and other carbohydrates are part of a wide variety of metabolic pathways across species: plants synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water by photosynthesis storing the absorbed energy internally, often in the form of starch or lipids. Plant components are consumed by animals and fungi, and used as fuel for cellular respiration. Oxidation of one gram of carbohydrate yields approximately 4 kcal of energy, while the oxidation of one gram of lipids yields about 9 kcal. Energy obtained from metabolism (e.g., oxidation of glucose) is usually stored temporarily within cells in the form of ATP. Organisms capable of aerobic respiration metabolize glucose and oxygen to release energy with carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.Carbohydrates can be chemically divided into complex and simple. Simple carbohydrates consist of single or double sugar units (monosaccharides and disaccharides, respectively). Sucrose or table sugar (a disaccharide) is a common example of a simple carbohydrate. Complex carbohydrates contain three or more sugar units linked in a chain, with most containing hundreds to thousands of sugar units. They are digested by enzymes to release the simple sugars. Starch, for example, is a polymer of glucose units and is typically broken down to glucose. Cellulose is also a polymer of glucose but it cannot be digested by most organisms. Bacteria that produce enzymes to digest cellulose live inside the gut of some mammals, such as cows, and when these mammals eat plants, the cellulose is broken down by the bacteria and some of it is released into the gut.Doctors and scientists once believed that eating complex carbohydrates instead of sugars would help maintain lower blood glucose. Numerous studies suggest, however, that both sugars and starches produce an unpredictable range of glycemic and insulinemic responses. While some studies support a more rapid absorption of sugars relative to starches other studies reveal that many complex carbohydrates such as those found in bread, rice, and potatoes have glycemic indices similar to or higher than simple carbohydrates such as sucrose. Sucrose, for example, has a glycemic index lower than expected because the sucrose molecule is half fructose, which has little effect on blood glucose. The value of classifying carbohydrates as simple or complex is questionable. The glycemic index is a better predictor of a carbohydrate's effect on blood glucose.Carbohydrates are a superior short-term fuel for organisms because they are simpler to metabolize than fats or those amino acids (components of proteins) that can be used for fuel. In animals, the most important carbohydrate is glucose. The concentration of glucose in the blood is used as the main control for the central metabolic hormone, insulin. Starch, and cellulose in a few organisms (e.g., some animals (such as termites) and some microorganisms (such as protists and bacteria)), both being glucose polymers, are disassembled during digestion and absorbed as glucose. Some simple carbohydrates have their own enzymatic oxidation pathways, as do only a few of the more complex carbohydrates. The disaccharide lactose, for instance, requires the enzyme lactase to be broken into its monosaccharide components; many animals lack this enzyme in adulthood.Carbohydrates are typically stored as long polymers of glucose molecules with glycosidic bonds for structural support (e.g. chitin, cellulose) or for energy storage (e.g. glycogen, starch). However, the strong affinity of most carbohydrates for water makes storage of large quantities of carbohydrates inefficient due to the large molecular weight of the solvated water-carbohydrate complex. In most organisms, excess carbohydrates are regularly catabolised to form acetyl-CoA, which is a feed stock for the fatty acid synthesis pathway; fatty acids, triglycerides, and other lipids are commonly used for long-term energy storage. The hydrophobic character of lipids makes them a much more compact form of energy storage than hydrophilic carbohydrates. However, animals, including humans, lack the necessary enzymatic machinery and so do not synthesize glucose from lipids, though glycerol can be converted to glucose.All carbohydrates share a general formula of approximately CnH2nOn; glucose is C6H12O6. Monosaccharides may be chemically bonded together to form disaccharides such as sucrose and longer polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose.".
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageExternalLink 6homeostasisrev4.shtml.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageExternalLink Sugars4Kids.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageID "383675".
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageLength "13502".
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageOutDegree "83".
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageRevisionID "708120870".
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Acetyl-CoA.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Adenosine_triphosphate.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Adipose_tissue.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Aerobic_organism.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Amino_acid.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Anabolism.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Bacteria.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Biochemistry.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Browning_(food_process).
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Carbohydrate.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_dioxide.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_fixation.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Catabolism.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Catecholamine.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Category:Metabolism.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Cellular_respiration.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Cellulose.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_energy.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Chitin.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Citric_acid_cycle.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Cortisol.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Diabetes_mellitus.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Disaccharide.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Fat.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Fatty_acid.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Fatty_acid_synthesis.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Fructose.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Fungus.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Galactosemia.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Glucagon.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Gluconeogenesis.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Glucose.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Glycemic_index.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Glycogen.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Glycogen_storage_disease.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Glycogenesis.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Glycogenolysis.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Glycolysis.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Glycoside_hydrolase.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Glycosidic_bond.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Growth_hormone.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Hereditary_fructose_intolerance.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Hexose.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Homeostasis.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Hormone.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Insulin.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Lactase.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Lactose_intolerance.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Life.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Lipid.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Milieu_intérieur.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Monosaccharide.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide_phosphate.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Organic_chemistry.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Organism.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Osmotic_pressure.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Oxygen.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Pentose.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Pentose_phosphate_pathway.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Photosynthesis.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Plant.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Polymer.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Polysaccharide.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Protein.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Protist.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Pyruvate_dehydrogenase_complex.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Pyruvic_acid.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Red_blood_cell.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Starch.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Sucrose.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Termite.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Triglyceride.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLink Water.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLinkText "Carbohydrate metabolism".
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLinkText "carbohydrate metabolism".
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLinkText "carbohydrate pathways".
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLinkText "carbohydrate synthesis".
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLinkText "carbohydrate".
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLinkText "carbohydrates".
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLinkText "glucose metabolism".
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLinkText "metabolism of carbohydrates".
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLinkText "metabolism of glucose".
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLinkText "oxidation".
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLinkText "starch and sucrose metabolism".
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageWikiLinkText "sugar metabolism".
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Carbohydrate_metabolism.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Fructose_and_galactose_metabolism.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Gluconeogenesis.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Glycogenolysis.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Glycoprotein_metabolism_enzymes.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Glycosaminoglycan_metabolism_enzymes.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Main.
- Carbohydrate_metabolism wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:MeshName.