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- Calumet_Aquifer abstract "The Calumet Aquifer is an aquifer underlying the land at the extreme southern tip of Lake Michigan. It underlies the northern third of Lake County, Indiana and the northern tenth of Porter County, as well as small parts of LaPorte County and Cook County, Illinois. It is notable chiefly for its high levels of contamination by industrial waste from factories and toxic waste dumps in the Calumet Region. It is bordered to the south by Valparaiso Moraine Aquifer, and to the north by Lake Michigan. It is underlain by a Silurian bedrock aquifer complex.Cities on top of the aquifer include Gary, Hammond, and East Chicago. The aquifer sits in unconsolidated deposits of fine sand and glacial till in the Calumet Lacustrine Plain, with some occasional lenses of peat and gravel and areas of slag fill. As a result, it is especially vulnerable to contamination from surface sources. The aquifer has never been extensively used as a source of water, local communities instead drawing water from Lake Michigan.The area above the Calumet Aquifer receives an average of 36 inches of precipitation per year. Twelve inches per year are recharged into the aquifer. The storage coefficient of the aquifer is 0.12, which because the aquifer is unconfined, means that it yields about 12% water by volume.As a groundwater aquifer, the Calumet Aquifer provides water to local surface waterways, including the Grand Calumet River and Little Calumet River. The contributions can go in both directions: when the Little Calumet is in flood stage, it rises above the aquifer level and water from the river enters the aquifer. The aquifer also receives water from the Valparaiso Moraine Aquifer to the south, via the bedrock system that underlies both. Over most of its area, the aquifer averages 15 feet (4.6 m) in saturated thickness and lies approximately 15 feet (4.6 m) below the surface. Its greatest saturated thickness is around 45 feet (14 m).The Calumet Aquifer is sometimes subdivided into the Calumet Aquifer and Lacustrine Plain Aquifer, with the Calumet Aquifer proper occupying a relatively narrow band along Lake Michigan, and also underlain by the Lacustrine Plain Aquifer in the subtill layer.".
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageExternalLink 5073.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageExternalLink report.pdf.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageID "45318236".
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageLength "4329".
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageOutDegree "22".
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageRevisionID "646010613".
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Aquifer.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Calumet_Lacustrine_Plain.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Calumet_Region.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Calumet_River.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Category:Aquifers_in_the_United_States.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Category:Water_in_Indiana.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Cook_County,_Illinois.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink East_Chicago,_Indiana.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Gary,_Indiana.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Grand_Calumet_River.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Hammond,_Indiana.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink LaPorte_County,_Indiana.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Lake_County,_Indiana.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Lake_Michigan.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Peat.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Porter_County,_Indiana.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Precipitation.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Silurian.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Slag.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Storage_coefficient.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Till.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLink Valparaiso_Moraine_Aquifer.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageWikiLinkText "Calumet Aquifer".
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_book.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Convert.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Harvid.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Calumet_Aquifer wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Sfn.
- Calumet_Aquifer subject Category:Aquifers_in_the_United_States.
- Calumet_Aquifer subject Category:Water_in_Indiana.
- Calumet_Aquifer hypernym Aquifer.
- Calumet_Aquifer comment "The Calumet Aquifer is an aquifer underlying the land at the extreme southern tip of Lake Michigan. It underlies the northern third of Lake County, Indiana and the northern tenth of Porter County, as well as small parts of LaPorte County and Cook County, Illinois. It is notable chiefly for its high levels of contamination by industrial waste from factories and toxic waste dumps in the Calumet Region.".
- Calumet_Aquifer label "Calumet Aquifer".
- Calumet_Aquifer sameAs Q19878905.
- Calumet_Aquifer sameAs m.012sq69d.
- Calumet_Aquifer sameAs Q19878905.
- Calumet_Aquifer wasDerivedFrom Calumet_Aquifer?oldid=646010613.
- Calumet_Aquifer isPrimaryTopicOf Calumet_Aquifer.