Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Caffeine> ?p ?o }
- Caffeine abstract "Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class. It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug, but — unlike many other psychoactive substances — it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world. There are several known mechanisms of action to explain the effects of caffeine. The most prominent is that it reversibly blocks the action of adenosine on its receptor and consequently prevents the onset of drowsiness induced by adenosine. Caffeine also stimulates certain portions of the autonomic nervous system.Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is closely related chemically to the adenine and guanine contained in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). It is found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to South America and East Asia and confers on them several survival and reproductive benefits. The most well known source of caffeine is the coffee bean, a misnomer for the seed of Coffea plants. Beverages containing caffeine are ingested to relieve or prevent drowsiness and to improve performance. To make these drinks, caffeine is extracted by steeping the plant product in water, a process called infusion. Caffeine-containing drinks, such as coffee, tea, and cola, are very popular; in 2005, 90% of North American adults consumed caffeine daily.Caffeine can have both positive and negative health effects. It can be used to treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia of prematurity, and to prevent apnea of prematurity: caffeine citrate was placed on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines in 2007. It may confer a modest protective effect against some diseases, including Parkinson's disease and certain types of cancer. One meta-analysis concluded that cardiovascular disease such as coronary artery disease and stroke is less likely with 3–5 cups of non-decaffeinated coffee per day but more likely with over 5 cups per day. Some people experience insomnia or sleep disruption if they consume caffeine, especially during the evening hours, but others show little disturbance. Evidence of a risk during pregnancy is equivocal; some authorities recommend that pregnant women limit consumption to the equivalent of two cups of coffee per day or less. Caffeine can produce a mild form of drug dependence – associated with withdrawal symptoms such as sleepiness, headache, and irritability – when an individual stops using caffeine after repeated daily intake. Tolerance to the autonomic effects of increased blood pressure and heart rate, and increased urine output, develops with chronic use (i.e., these symptoms become less pronounced or do not occur following consistent use).Caffeine is classified by the Food and Drug Administration as \"generally recognized as safe\" (GRAS). Toxic doses, over 10 grams per day for an adult, are much higher than typical dose of under 500 milligrams per day. A cup of coffee contains 80–175 mg of caffeine, depending on what \"bean\" (seed) is used and how it is prepared (e.g. drip, percolation, or espresso). Thus it requires roughly 50–100 ordinary cups of coffee to reach a lethal dose. However pure powdered caffeine, which is available as a dietary supplement, can be lethal in tablespoon-sized amounts.".
- Caffeine bioavailability "99.0".
- Caffeine thumbnail Koffein_-_Caffeine.svg?width=300.
- Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink caffeine_content.htm.
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- Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink neng0405.html.
- Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink CU21.html.
- Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink CU22.html.
- Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink mv_caffeine.htm.
- Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink caffeine_content.htm.
- Caffeine wikiPageID "6868".
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- Caffeine wikiPageRevisionID "707675987".
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink 1,3,7-Trimethyluric_acid.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink 8-Chlorotheophylline.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink 8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink 8-Phenyltheophylline.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Abdominal_pain.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Acetylcholine.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Acetylcholinesterase.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Activated_carbon.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Adenine.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Adenosine.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Adenosine_A1_receptor.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Adenosine_A2A_receptor.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Adenosine_A2B_receptor.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Adenosine_A3_receptor.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Adenosine_receptor.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Adsorption.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Alchemy.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Alcohol_intoxication.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Alkaloid.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Altitude_sickness.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Alzheimers_disease.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink American_Congress_of_Obstetricians_and_Gynecologists.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink American_Psychiatric_Association.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Amide.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Anhydrous.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Anti-inflammatory.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Anxiety_disorder.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Apnea_of_prematurity.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Archaic_period_in_North_America.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Aromaticity.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Arthralgia.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink caffeine.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Asthma.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Athlete.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Atmosphere_(unit).
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Autonomic_nervous_system.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Ban_on_caffeinated_alcoholic_beverages.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Basal_metabolic_rate.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Base_(chemistry).
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Benzene.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Biological_half-life.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Biosynthesis.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Bixa_orellana.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Black_drink.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Bladder_cancer.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Blood_plasma.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Blood_vessel.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Blood–brain_barrier.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Bronchopulmonary_dysplasia.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Bronchus.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink CYP1A2.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink CYP2C8.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink CYP2C9.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink CYP2E1.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink CYP3A4.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Caffeinated_alcoholic_drink.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Caffeine_citrate.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Caffeine_dependence.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Camellia_sinensis.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Cancer.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Cardiovascular_disease.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Category:Adenosine_receptor_antagonists.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Category:Alkaloids_found_in_plants.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Category:Anxiogenics.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Category:Bitter_compounds.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Category:Caffeine.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Category:Glycine_receptor_antagonists.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Category:IARC_Group_3_carcinogens.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Category:Mutagens.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Category:Phosphodiesterase_inhibitors.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Category:Plant_toxin_insecticides.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Category:Vasoconstrictors.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Category:Xanthines.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Center_for_Science_in_the_Public_Interest.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Central_nervous_system.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Charles_II_of_England.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Chattanooga,_Tennessee.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_classification.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_synthesis.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Chili_pepper.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Chirality_(chemistry).
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Chlorobutanol.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Chloroform.
- Caffeine wikiPageWikiLink Chocolate.