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- Border_Cave abstract "Border Cave is a rock shelter on the western scarp of the Lebombo Mountains in KwaZulu-Natal near the border between South Africa and Swaziland. Border Cave has a remarkably continuous stratigraphic record of occupation spanning about 200 ka. Anatomically modern Homo sapiens skeletons together with stone tools and chipping debris were recovered. Dating by Carbon-14, amino acid racemisation and electron spin resonance places the oldest sedimentary ash at some 200 kiloannum.Excavations for guano in 1940 by a certain W. E. Barton of Swaziland, revealed a number of human bone fragments and were recognised as extremely old by Professor Raymond Dart, who had visited the site in July 1934, but had carried out only a superficial examination. In 1941 and 1942, a team sponsored by the University of the Witwatersrand carried out a more thorough survey. Subsequent excavations in the 1970s by Peter Beaumont were rewarded with rich yields. The site produced not only the complete skeleton of an infant, but also the remains of at least five adult hominins. Also recovered were more than 69,000 artifacts, and the remains of more than 43 mammal species, three of which are now extinct.Also recovered from the cave was the \"Lebombo Bone\", the oldest known artifact showing a counting tally. Dated to 35,000 years, it is a small piece of baboon fibula incised with 29 notches, similar to the calendar sticks used by the San of Namibia. Animal remains from the cave show that its early inhabitants had a diet of bushpig, warthog, zebra and buffalo. Raw materials used in the making of artifacts include chert, rhyolite, quartz, and chalcedony, as well as bone, wood and ostrich egg shells.The west-facing cave, which is near Ingwavuma, is located about 100 m below the crest of the Lebombo range and commands sweeping views of the Swazi countryside below. It is semi-circular in horizontal section, some 40 m across, and formed in Jurassic lavas as a result of differential weathering.A set of tools almost identical to that used by the modern San people and dating to 44,000 BP were discovered at the cave in 2012. These represent the earliest unambiguous evidence for modern human behaviour.In 2015, the South African government submitted a proposal to add the caves to the list of World Heritage Sites.".
- Border_Cave thumbnail Border_Cave01.jpg?width=300.
- Border_Cave wikiPageExternalLink 1074.
- Border_Cave wikiPageExternalLink wonderwerk_cave_4_3.pdf.
- Border_Cave wikiPageID "25776762".
- Border_Cave wikiPageLength "6884".
- Border_Cave wikiPageOutDegree "35".
- Border_Cave wikiPageRevisionID "703594371".
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink African_buffalo.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Amino_acid_dating.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Bushpig.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Carbon-14.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Category:Archaeological_sites_in_South_Africa.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Category:Middle_Stone_Age.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Category:Paleoanthropological_sites.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Category:Rock_shelters.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Chalcedony.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Chert.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Electron_paramagnetic_resonance.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Hominini.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Homo_sapiens.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Ingwavuma.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Jurassic.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink KwaZulu-Natal.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Lebombo_Mountains.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Lebombo_bone.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Namibia.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Ostrich.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Phacochoerus.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Quartz.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Raymond_Dart.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Rhyolite.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Rock_shelter.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink San_people.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink South_Africa.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Swaziland.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink University_of_the_Witwatersrand.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink World_Heritage_Site.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Year.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink Zebra.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink File:Border_Cave00.jpg.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLink File:Border_Cave01.jpg.
- Border_Cave wikiPageWikiLinkText "Border Cave".
- Border_Cave wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Commonscat.
- Border_Cave wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Coord.
- Border_Cave wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Border_Cave wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:The_Emergence_of_Modern_Humans.
- Border_Cave subject Category:Archaeological_sites_in_South_Africa.
- Border_Cave subject Category:Middle_Stone_Age.
- Border_Cave subject Category:Paleoanthropological_sites.
- Border_Cave subject Category:Rock_shelters.
- Border_Cave hypernym Shelter.
- Border_Cave point "-27.025833333333335 31.988888888888887".
- Border_Cave type HistoricPlace.
- Border_Cave type Landform.
- Border_Cave type Site.
- Border_Cave type SpatialThing.
- Border_Cave comment "Border Cave is a rock shelter on the western scarp of the Lebombo Mountains in KwaZulu-Natal near the border between South Africa and Swaziland. Border Cave has a remarkably continuous stratigraphic record of occupation spanning about 200 ka. Anatomically modern Homo sapiens skeletons together with stone tools and chipping debris were recovered.".
- Border_Cave label "Border Cave".
- Border_Cave sameAs Q2910728.
- Border_Cave sameAs Border_Cave.
- Border_Cave sameAs Border_Cave.
- Border_Cave sameAs Jaskinia_Border.
- Border_Cave sameAs m.09v2bw4.
- Border_Cave sameAs Q2910728.
- Border_Cave lat "-27.025833333333335".
- Border_Cave long "31.988888888888887".
- Border_Cave wasDerivedFrom Border_Cave?oldid=703594371.
- Border_Cave depiction Border_Cave01.jpg.
- Border_Cave isPrimaryTopicOf Border_Cave.